253 
THE SAN JOSE SCALE IN VIRGINIA.* 
ByD. W. Coquillett. 
In accordance with instructions I proceeded to Charlottesville, Va., 
on the 11th of December, and interviewed Dr. 0. H. Hedges in refer- 
ence to the presence of the so-called San Jose Scale (Aspidiotus peniic- 
iosus) in the orchards in the vicinity of Charlottesville. 
A careful examination of the fruit and ornamental trees and shrubs 
on his place revealed the fact that as yet this pest was confined to the 
orchard of about 1J acres on the south side of his place, and to two 
peach and one Japanese plum trees near his barn, at a distance of 
about 150 yards north of the orchard above described. In Judge 
Reeves's garden, which adjoins Dr. Hedges's infested orchard on the 
south, are eight or ten pear trees and a few currant bushes infested 
with this Scale, while just south of this, in Judge Eobertson's garden, 
are about a dozen pear trees likewise infested. These places are situ- 
ated a short distance north of the city limits of Charlottesville, and I 
did not find a trace of the San Jose Scale in any other orchard or gar- 
den in and about Charlottesville. To the northward I examined the 
trees and plants for a distance of about three-fourths of a mile, or to 
the woodland; to the westward I examined them to a point beyond 
which no fruit trees were grown for a distance of about 1J miles: to the 
southward I carried the examination through the city of Charlottes- 
ville and to a point about 1 mile beyond, also following the course of 
the city westward to its western limit; and to the eastward I examined 
the trees and plants to a point beyond which no fruit trees could be 
seen for a distance of several miles. Besides this, I also spent a day 
in examining the orchards located some little distance from Charlottes- 
ville, but found no trace of the San Jose Scale outside of the three gar- 
dens or orchards referred to above. 
Of the trees and shrubs infested with this Scale, the Pear, Peach, 
Plum, Apple, Currant, and Eose were the most thickly infested, the 
Cherry less so, while the Quince, Gooseberry, and Easpberry were com- 
paratively free. 1 did not find any of these Scales on grape-vines, 
strawberry plants, or weeds growing near the infested trees. 
As to the source from which the San Jose Scale was first introduced 
into these three orchards, it is quite impossible to determine at this 
late day, but it appears very evident that it made its first appearance 
in Dr. Hedges 7 orchard. It has been suggested that the infection 
resulted from the use of infested pears, but Dr. Hedges informed me 
that he has never bought any pears grown in California, or in any 
other region liable to be infested with these Scales, and his neighbors 
assured me that they had never done so. The infested trees are located 
••Report of investigations made under instructions from the Entomologist. 
