299 
usually slowly dying and drying up. The course of the larval exist- 
ence is the same as outlined for the currant species, and the perfect 
insect emerges about the last of April. Another species, P. compressus, 
breeds in pear twigs which wither and die in a manner quite similar 
to affected currant twigs, the transformations and habits being identi- 
cal with the currant species. Another species, P. fumipennis, affects 
the Blackberry, a fourth, P. phtisicus the Eose, and a fifth, P. xanthos- 
toma the Spiraea; while the habits of still other species have not been 
discovered. These species are mentioned for the reason that any of 
them, and particularly the last three, are liable to be imported with 
the plants they infest, and may be either already present in this coun- 
try or likely to appear at any time. 
A closely allied American species, P. Integer Norton, affects the 
Willow in exactly the same manner that the currant injury is done, 
even to the girdling of the twigs to 'prevent their further growth, the 
portion beyond the cut drying and eventually dropping off. The girdling 
is done in the case of this species, and possibly also with the currant 
insect, by the ovipositor, and is about one inch above the point where 
the egg is inserted. The female is remarkably similar to the same sex 
of flaviventris, and would, unless carefully examined, be easily mis- 
taken for the latter. It is distinguished, however, by the absence of 
the sooty spot extending from the stigma, and the first and second 
abdominal segments usually, and rarely the third in part are yellow. 
The male of integer is easily distinguished by its black or brownish- 
black abdomen. A full account of this species, with figures is given 
in volume I of Insect Life (pp. 8-11). 
One other American species, P. trimaculatus Say, is recorded by 
Prof. J. B. Smith as infesting the blackberry and raspberry canes. 
(Rept. Entom. Dept, X. J. Agri. College Expr. Station, 1892, p. 461.) 
The subfamily Cephidae (or tribe CepMni Konow) belongs properly 
to the family Uroceridse (subfamily Siricetce Konow), which includes 
the wood-boring Hymenoptera. The Cephidre have been separated 
into three genera : Cephus, Phylloecus and Janus, of which the last is 
chiefly distinguished from Phylloecus by a sexual character, viz, 
whether abdomen is cylindrical or compressed, the former condition 
being the normal one for the male and the latter for the female. 
Janus has therefore been generally dropped by later European writers, 
and in fact both Andre and Cameron group all the species of Cephidse 
together, the former indicating the groups belonging respectively to 
Cephus and Phylloecus only in his list of species, describing them all 
in his monograph under Cephus; and the latter using the three genera 
merely to group allied species in in the genus Cephus. Konow, how- 
ever, gives, and rightly in my judgment, full generic value to Phyl- 
loecus. These two genera are separated by the following characters : 
Cephus, antenna thickened toward the tip ; claws with small subapical 
tooth; Phylloecus, antenna filiform or tapering toward the tip, claws 
