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(4) Chelyoxenus xerobatia n. g. et. 11. sp. — Very common, burrowing in the sand in 
all parts of the galleries. Its larva was also found among the coprcphagous larvae 
in the dung, and I have reason to believe that it is carnivorous but not predatory, 
i.e., it feeds only upon the dead or dying insects. 
(5) Saprinus ferrugineus Marseul. — A single very small specimen of this common 
Floridian species was found in a gopher hole on July 15. This is the only one of the 
Coleoptera found associated with the gopher, which also occurs above ground. 
(6) Copris gopheri n. sp. — Specimens were found in every gopher hole examined, 
and were frequently abundant. Eighty-four specimens were collected in a single 
burrow. The female forms food-balls of gopher dung, after the manner of related 
species above ground. In each of these she lays a single egg, and then buries it 4 
or 5 inches deep in the sand beneath the floor of the gallery. The material in these 
balls is finely fibrous and dark green in color. The larva begins eating near the 
surface of the ball and forms a cavity considerably larger than its body by pressing 
outward the dung, thus disturbing the sphere and rendering it more or less pear- 
shaped. In this operation it is evidently assisted by the peculiar hump on the back, 
so remarkably characteristic of the larvos of this genus. The larva does not con- 
sume the whole of its food supply, but disintegrates the greater part of the mass, 
convertiug it into a friable, black earth which falls away at a touch. It finally con- 
structs an oval cocoon within the ball, with rather thin and brittle walls formed 
from this black earth, cemented by saliva or some other secretion, and in this com- 
pletes its transformations. In the burrows which contain egg-balls, specimens of 
the imago are less common, and there appears to be a continuous succession of 
broods throughout the year. 
(7) Onthophagus polyphemi n. sp. — I did not find this beetle in the few galleries 
examined in winter, and it was probably in pupa at that season. In July it was 
not rare. One of the burrows produced twenty-one specimens. Its larva was not 
seen. 
(8) Aphodlus troglodytes n. sp. — This is the commonest of all the gopher insects. 
It swarms by hundreds in many burrows and is present in all of them. Young in all 
stages are found at all times in the deposits of dung which are rapidly disintegrated 
by them. The extremely pellucid and diaphanous integument of the imago in life, 
permitting every vein and fold of the wings to be plainly seen through the elytra, 
can not be confounded with the appearance of other pale species of the genus found 
above ground, and indicates a subterranean mode of life. This habit is also shown 
in the active but aimlessly wandering movements of the beetle and its evident dis- 
tress when exposed to the light. * 
LEPIDOPTERA. 
(9) Deltoid (?) moth. — A sooty-brown caterpillar about an inch long, which occurs 
rather sparingly in most of the gopher burrows and feeds upon the dung, is perhaps 
the most interesting of the scavengers connected with the tortoise. Its body is 
naked, but with many transverse folds, and each segment bears a double row of 
tubercles, surmouted by stout, truncate spines. The thorax is marked with a narrow 
chitinous shield. The prolegs are armed with a bundle of hooked hairs, by means 
of which it easily climbs the walls and roof of the gallery, clinging to a few strands 
of invisibly fine web thrown over the loose sand. 
In all probability this caterpillar is the larva of an undescribed IJeltoid moth. It 
is well known that the feeding habits of some members of this family differ from 
those of other lepidoptera. The larvae of at least two species of Helia are myrme- 
cophilous, feeding no doubt upon the dead vegetable substances gathered by the 
* Anthicus ictericus Laf. A single specimen of this beetle, which is common in the 
surface sand in Florida, was found in excavating one of the burrows among the 
gopher insects. Its presence was no doubt accidental. 
