364 
is practically isolated, being "bounded upon one side by a vineyard, on 
another by the garden of a neighbor, on a third side by the road, and on 
the fourth by a lawn. It is planted with choice dwarf fruit trees, mainly 
pears. They are crowded together, and in many cases the branches 
interlock. The orchard was set out about eight years ago, and is now 
very badly infested. The quince and Japan persimmon carry no 
scales; a few occur upon dwarf apples and a few upon peaches. The 
Lawrence pears are also but slightly affected. The Duchesse d'Angou- 
lerne and its varieties, and the Bartlett and its varieties are very 
badly attacked, particularly the former. Easpberry bushes are not. 
affected, but currant bushes are covered. A few specimens also 
occurred upon rose bushes. Two hundred feet away from the infested 
orchard, and in the middle of the vineyard, other apple, peach, and 
pear trees occur, but all were absolutely free from scales. Two old apple 
orchards at a very considerable distance were also absolutely free. 
In point of fact, the insect had not spread to the north, east, or west. 
Towards the south, however, it had spread to some extent into the gar- 
den of a neighbor. This is a flower garden, but contains a few scat- 
tered fruit trees. In this garden the scales were found in moderate 
numbers on a peach tree, on some pear trees, and on two rose bushes. 
Still further south is another garden belonging to a neighbor, and in 
this garden a few specimens of the scale were found upon a single 
pear tree. 
The insect is therefore definitely limited and confined to ajsinall 
space, and there seems to be no doubt that the species made its first 
appearance in Dr. Hedges' pear orchard. It is also undoubtedly a 
recent importation, since the orchard was planted only eight years ago, 
and since the species has spread so slightly, 
Mr. Schwarz was able to gain no definite information concerning the 
mode of importation. Dr. Hedges has never bought any nursery stock 
or other plants from California. His oldest trees were purchased eight 
years ago in Xew York. Certain others were purchased in Augusta, 
Ga., three years ago, and two years ago another lot was obtained from 
Crozet, Albemarle County, Ya. The time of purchase of the last lot 
coincides with the time when the scale was first noticed, but Dr. 
Hedges is positive that these trees were not infested when purchased, 
and states that the scales were first noticed at another point in the 
orchard among the oldest pear trees, near certain old currant bushes 
which died and were removed before the scales were noticed upon the 
trees. Mr. Schwarz then inquired as to the history of these currant 
bushes, and ascertained that they were purchased eight years ago from 
a Kew Jersey nursery. Dr. Hedges thinks that they died from a scale 
insect attack, but since this was long before the scales were noticed in 
the pear trees, the statement is doubtful. Moreover, had the insect 
been originally introduced upon currant bushes eight years ago, the 
whole orchard would probably have been infested long since, and the 
insect would have spread to a much greater distance. 
