367 
infested by the scales during winter is shown at Fig. 27, while the 
slightly enlarged scales are shown above at the left in the same figure. 
NATURAL ENEMIES AT CHARLOTTESVILLE. 
^No parasites, and no scales from which parasites had issued, were 
observed at Charlottesville. The common little Malachiid beetle (Col- 
lops quadrimaculatus) was ob- 
served feeding in small num- 
bers upon the newly-hatched 
larvae. The Ooccinellid beetle 
(Pentilia misella) and its larvae 
were very abundant on the in- 
fested trees, and this species 
Mr. Schwarz thinks a very im- 
portant enemy of the scale. 
The beetles seem to prefer the 
full-grown female scales, while 
the larvae feed upon Aspidiotus 
larvae. The larvae customarily 
transform to pupa within the 
calyx of the pears. This little 
cavity was always found liter- 
ally filled with a mass of young 
and old scales, full-grown Pen- 
tilia larvae and pupae, and 
recent imagos. The fact that this beetle, which is essentially an 
eastern species, so readily and effectively began to feed upon this in- 
troduced scale is a very interesting one entomologically, and would 
justify an effort to introduce and colonize it in southern California. 
HOW THE SPECIES IS DISTRIBUTED LOCALLY. 
Some interesting observations were made by Mr. Schwarz upon the 
transporting of the young Coccid larvae by other insects. This very 
Pentilia was unconsciously an active agent in this dangerous work. 
Hardly one of the beetles could be found which did not carry on its 
back at least one Aspidiotus larva, and sometimes three or four were 
found upon a single wing- cover of a beetle. A small black ant (Mono- 
morium minutum) was abundant upon the pears, attracted by the juice 
emerging from the cracks, and almost every one of these ants carried 
on its back one or more specimens of the Coccid larvae. Specimens of 
a little Chrysomelid beetle (Typophorus canellus) were also found upon 
the trees. Red and black specimens of these beetles occurred, and 
the interesting observation was made that while the Aspidiotus larvae 
crawled freely upon the black individuals, no specimens were to be 
Fig. 27.— San Jose Scale : Apple branch, with scales 
in situ— natural size ; enlarged sciels above, at left. 
(From Circular No. 3,Div.Ent.) 
