INTRODUCTION. 
characters which are intermediate, and a thorough revision of the groups is necessary hefore one can 
define their exact limits. Speaking broadly, we may separate the three families as follows : 
a. Chin-angle advanced in front of the nasal aperture. 
a . Hallux moderate, measured from its extreme base to the tip of the 
claw about equal to the middle toe and claw ; the outer and 
inner toes sub-equal in length ; palatines obtusely quadrate near 
their postero-external extremity. [In typical Crows the first primary 
is long and extends beyond the tips of the inner secondaries.] • • COHVIDAS. 
Fig. 1. Hg. 2 
[From the Catalogue of the ltoyal College of Surgeons, Part III. Aves, pp. 4, 5, 1891.] 
//. Hallux very large, measured as above exceeding the length of the 
middle toe and claw ; the outer toe longer than the inner one ; 
palatines with the postero-external angle prolonged ; nares impervious ; 
nasal septum much swollen and filling up the space between the 
palatines ; first primary shorter than the inner secondaries • • • PARADISEIDrE. 
Fig. 3. Fig. 4. 
Fig. 3. — Ventral surface of skull of Paradisect apoda (slightly enlarged). 
Fig. 4.— Plantar surface of foot of P. apoda, to show the proportions of the toes, from a specimen in spirits in the 
British Museum. [From the Catalogue of the Royal College of Surgeons, Part III. p. 17, 1891.] 
