PARADISEA RAGGIANA, Sclciter. 
Marquis Raggi’s Bird of Paradise. 
Paradisea raggiana, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 559, 697.— D’Alb. t. c. p. 559.— Sclater, Nature, viii. p. 306 
(1873).— Elliot, Monogr. Parad. pi. 3 (1873).— Sclater, Ibis, 1874, pp. 177, 187.— Rosenb. Zool. 
Gart., Jan. 1875, p. 31. — Meyer, Nature, 1875, pp. 208, 268. — Id. Mitth. zool. Mus. Dresd. i. p. 7, 
note (1875). — Salvad. et D’Alb. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 289 (1875). — D’Alb. P. Z. S. 1875, pp. 531, 
532 . Id. Ibis, 1876, pp. 359, 360.— Scl. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 414. — Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. 
pp. 39, 191 (1876). — Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. i. pp. 387, 393 (1876). — Gould, B. New 
Guin. i. pi. 32 (1877). — D’Alb. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov, x. pp. 14, 20 (1877). — Salvad. t. c. p. 153. — 
Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 169 (1877). — Id. Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 318 (1877), xiv. p. 500 
(1878).— Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iii. pp. 101, 266 (1378), iv. p. 97 (1879). — Sharpe, 
Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. p. 687 (1879).— Rosenb. Malay. Archip. pp. 557, 590 (1879).— D’Alb. et Salvad. 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov, xiv. p. 100 (1879). — D’Alb. NuovaGuin. p. 172 etc. (1880). — Eudes-Deslongch. 
Ann. Mus. d’ Hist. Nat. Caen, i. p. 24 (1880).— Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, etc. ii. p. 613 (1881).— 
Musschenbr. Dagboek, pp. 184, 220 (1883).— Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. vii. p. 26 (1883). — 
Rosenb. Mitth. orn. Ver. Wien, 1885, p. 35. — Chalmers & Wyatt, Ibis, 1885, p. 463. — Finsch & Meyer, 
Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 384.— Id. Ibis, 1886, p. 251. — Sharpe, Nature, vol. xxxiv. p. 340(1886).— 
d’Hamonv. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xi. pp. 507, 509 (1886). — Tristram, Ibis, 1889, p. 553. — Salvad. 
Aggiunte Orn. Papuasia, etc. ii. p. 159 (1890).— Id. Ann. Mus. Civic. Gen. (2) ix. p.585 (1890).— 
Crowley, Bull. B. O. Club, i. p. xvi (1892). — Sharpe, op. cit. iv. p. xiii (1894). — De Yis, Report British 
New Guinea, pp. 6, 7 (1894). — Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) xvi. p. 109 (1896). 
This species is remarkable for its red ornamental plumes, which distinguish it at once from all the ordinary 
species of the genus Paradisea , which have these plumes yellow or orange. It appears to be entirely 
confined to South-eastern New Guinea, the first specimens having been procured by Signor D’Albertis at 
Orangeisa Bay. Mr. Goldie obtained many specimens in the Port Moresby district, and it was found by the 
late Dr. James at Aleya and in Hall Bay, and by Mr. Stone at Munikahila. According to the late 
Carl Hunstein the species is found in the interior about fifteen miles from Port Moresby, but it was not met 
with by him in the Horseshoe Mountains, its range extending from Basilisk Island to Bentley Bay. 
Dr. Loria met with it on the southern slope of the Astrolabe Mountains at a place called Gerekanumu. 
Dur ing Sir William Macgregor’s expedition to the Owen Stanley Mountains the species was found 
everywhere up to 3000 feet. 
Signor D’ Albertis procured the species during his expedition to the Fly River, and gives the following note 
on its habits : — “ I was rather fortunate in my excursion into the mountains ; for I found Paradisea 
raggiana , and obtained some beautiful specimens in full dress. In its voice, movements, and attitudes 
it perfectly resembles the other species of the genus. It feeds on fruit ; and I could find no trace 
of insects in the seven individuals which I prepared. It inhabits the dense forest, and is generally found 
near the ravines — perhaps because the trees on the fruit of which it feeds flourish in the neighbourhood of 
water. The female is always smaller in size than the male ; and I find this sex less abundant, because, as I 
believe, it was the season of incubation. The female is more like the same sex of P. apoda than that of 
P. papuana. The young male is like the female, but often recognizable by having distinguishable traces of 
the yellow collar which in the old male divides the green of the throat from the breast-feathers. The irides 
are of a rather bright yellow, and the feet lead-colour with a reddish tinge. The long flank-feathers in 
individuals recently killed have a very bright tint, which they lose in a few days — even in a few hours. The 
two middle tail-feathers are filiform, like those of P. apoda and P. papuana, and in no stage of development 
resemble those of P. rubra. These two feathers are not so long as in P. apoda , and about equal to those of 
P. papuana. Like its sister species, P. raggiana is an inquisitive bird, and often approaches from branch to 
branch within a few yards of the hunter, and remains motionless for some seconds to observe its pursuer, 
stretching out its neck, flapping its wings, and emitting a peculiar cry, upon the sound of which other 
individuals come forward to join it. When one is wounded and cries out, many others come forward as if 
to protect it, and approach quite near, descending to the lowest boughs. The adult males frequent the tops 
