PHONYGAMA KERAUDRENI (Less. S, Gam.). 
Keraudren’s Manucode, 
Barita keraudreni, Less. & Garn. in Ferussac, Bull. Sc. Nat. viii. p. 110 (1826). — lid. Voy. Coquille, Zool. Atlas, 
pi. 13 (1826). 
Phonygama keraudreni, Less. Diet. Class, xiii. p. 399 (1828).— Id. Man. d’Orn. i. p. 141 (1828). — Id. Yoy. 
Coquille, Zool. i. pt. 2, p. 636 (1828). — Id. Traite, p. 344 (1831). — Id. Compl. Buff., Ois. p. 403, cum 
tab. (1838). — Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 303 (1846). — Bp. Consp. i. p. 368 (1850). — Rosenb. Nat. Tijdschr. 
Nederl. Ind. xxv. p. 236 (1863). — Id. J. f. 0. 1864, p. 123. — Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 173 (1865). — 
Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. iii. p. 180 (1877). — Id. Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. xvi. p. 442 (1882). — - 
Eudes-Deslongch. Ann. Mus. Caen, i. p. 41 (1880). — D’Hamonv. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1886, p. 510. 
Chalylccus cornutus, Cuvier, Regne Anim. i. p. 354 (1829). 
Phonygama lessonia, Swains. Classif. B. ii. p. 264 (1837). 
Manucodia keraudrenii, Sclater, Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 162 (1858). — Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 194. — Id. Cat. 
B. New Guinea, pp. 37, 59 (1859). — Id. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 158. — Id. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, 
p. 436. — Id. Hand-1. B. iii. p. 17, no. 6258 (1870).— Elliot, Monogr. Farad, pi. 8 (1873). — Pavesi, Ann. 
Mus. Civic. Genov, vi. p. 315, tav. x. (1874). — Beccari, op. cit. vii. p. 713 (1875). — Salvad. op. cit. vii. 
p. 781 (1875), ix. pp. 41, 189 (1876), x. p. 150 (1877).— Pavesi, op. cit. ix. p. 66 (1876-77).— D’Albert. 
op. cit. x. pp. 13, 120 (1877). — Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iii. p. 102 (1878), iv. p. 97 
(1879). — D’Albert. & Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov, xiv. p. 95 (1879). — D’Albert. Nuova Guinea, 
pp. 582, 584, 588 (1880). — Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, etc. ii. p. 510 (1881). — Id. op. cit. iii. p. 551 
(1882). — Musschenbr. Dagboek, pp. 195, 228 (1883). — Rosenb. Mitth. orn. Ver. Wien, 1885, p. 40. 
Clialylceus keraudreni, Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Coraces, p. 120 (1867). — Rosenb. Reis naar Zuidoostereil. p. 47 
(1867). — Id. Malay. Arch. pp. 370, 558 (1879). 
Chalybcea keraudrenii, Schlegel, Dierent. p. 175 (c. 1869). — -Id. Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. iv. p. 50 (1871). 
Phonygama jamesii, Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. iii. p. 181 (1877). — Id. Proc. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 500 (1877). — 
Elliot, Ibis, 1878, p. 56. 
Manucodia keraudreneri (lapsu), Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iii. p. 265 (1879). 
This Manucode is an inhabitant of New Guinea and the Aru Islands. In the former it is widely 
distributed, for it has been found by Lesson and Wallace near Dorey, and D’Albertis at Andai, by Beccari 
at Warbusi and Ramoi, and by the late Mr. Bruijn’s hunters at Sorong, Nirba, Mansinam, and in the Arfak 
Mountains. 
D’Albertis met with the species on the Fly River, and again at Hall Bay and Yule Island, while Dr. E. P. 
Ramsay has recorded it from the vicinity of Port Moresby. At Aleya also the late Dr. James procured the 
specimen which I named after him, Phonygama jamesi. Count Salvadori considers that this species cannot 
be upheld, and I must confess that, with the series of specimens in the British Museum, I am at present 
unable to decide the question, though a re-examination of the type shows me that none of the other New 
Guinea birds have such a steely-green head. 
The specimen procured by the late Carl Hunstein at East Cape also seems to me to resemble Dr. James’s 
example. In the Aru Islands the present species has also been obtained by Von Rosenberg and 
Beccari ; but, as the Count points out, there are some slight differences in specimens from these islands, 
the size being perceptibly larger, and the tint of the metallic gloss being of a more steel-blue character, 
as in examples from Sorong. 
Nothing appears to have been written about the habits of this Manucode, beyond the statement of 
Von Rosenberg’s that it was very rare in the Aru Islands, where it is only found in the woods, and not 
universally on the coast and in the interior forests like M. atra ; its food consists of insects, small 
crustaceans, and fruit. 
The peculiar trachea of these Manucodes is well known, and Professor Pavesi has written a memoir on the 
subject, founded on examples sent to him by Dr. Beccari. According to Pavesi the male has the trachea 
external and with several coils, the adult female has but a single coil, while the young females bear no 
trace of an external trachea at all. 
The following description is copied from my third volume of the * Catalogue of Birds in the British 
Museum ’ : — 
Adult male. General colour above burnished steel-blue, the feathers of the head velvety in texture, as well 
