125 
Nov. i, 1885.] The Australasian Scientific Magazine. 
this sequence of the strata lead us? Simply this, my friend— that unless 
we imagine the whole series of limestones, shales and conglomerates to 
have been turned topsy-turvey — a sort of geological somersault— so that 
the older beds became uppermost, and the younger lowermost, of which 
there are no evidences. I think we must admit the greater antiquity of 
the shales and conglomerates, and if the latter are found to be identical 
in lithological character with the masses occupying the crests of Mt. 
Tambo, then we may consider the latter as either the lowest members (at 
this place) of the middle Devonian series ; as part of the missing lower 
Devonian ; or as forming the uppermost group of a series of passage beds 
connecting the Devonian and upper Selurian formations, and analogous to 
the Deveno-Selurian formation of Prof. Hull, the Director-General of the 
Geological Survey of Ireland.'*' Were we to travel together over yon 
range of mountains dividing the Tambo and Buchan rivers, towards the 
Limestone Creek Valley (the sources of the Murray) we should find at 
the latter place bands of marble slate, etc., containing fossils of upper 
Selurian age.f And it is not improbable that the intrusive quartz 
porphyries near us are the cause of the apparent hiatus between the upper 
Selurian and Devonian formations, having cut off and absorbed the inter- 
vening passage beds. However, we will reserve further discussion on this 
point until we have examined the whole of the rock masses which bound 
the Bindi limestones. So far we have shown on Palteontological 
evidences that the marine limestones of Bindi are Devonian, and that the 
lowest members of the series of limestone beds contain fossils of a species 
which have survived the lapse of time since the upper Selurian sediments 
were deposited. It now remains for us to prove on stratigraphical and 
lithological data that the conglomerates and shales of Mt. Tambo were 
formed prior to these marine 1 levonian limestones. 
( To he continued. ) 
The Mystery Cleared Regarding Winds, Tides, 
and Currents. 
By Robert Kilpatrick. 
No satisfactory explanation has yet been offered of either winds, tides, 
or ocean currents. This is admitted on all sides, almost without adissentient 
voice. Some writers on physical geography themselves acknowledge that 
the true cause of winds and currents has yet to be suggested. The theories 
hitherto advanced do not meet the requirements of the case ; they are par- 
tial, incomplete, and unsatisfactory. Lieutenant Maury, in the “ Physical 
Geography of the Sea ” in his chapter on the Gulf Stream, admits this with 
* “ On the Deveno-Selurian Formation.” Q. S. Geo. Soc.. vol. 37. p. 100. Prof. 
Hull, F.G.S. 
t 11 On Caves, Limestone, etc.” Trans. Roy. Soe., Vie., vol. , p. 
Stirling, F.L.S. 
. J. 
