26 BEE-CULTURE. 
of a tree, where, from 9 o’clock A. M. until 4 o’clock P. M., it will be 
shaded or protected from the direct rays of the sun. There it should 
remain during the entire year. Nothing will be gained by removing 
the hive to the attic, the cellar, or a dark room in winter. I have 
tried all these experiments to my entire satisfaction. More Bees will 
be lost by such a transfer than by permitting them to remain in the 
open air. 
CHAPTER IX. 
VENTILATION. 
PROPER ventilation is highly important to the welfare and prosperity 
of the Bees. The amount of fresh air which they need at all times is 
not great; but what they need must be had, or they must suffer the ill 
consequences. ‘The precise extent to which ventilation is to be carried 
is determined very much by circumstances. Ifthe Bees occupy a very 
warm position they will need much more thorough ventilation than if 
they are placed in different circumstances, or have a cool and shady 
place. They need less air, as a general thing, in summer than in 
winter. Their eggs hatch the most readily, and their young grow the 
most rapidly, when a high degree of temperature exists in the hive.. 
When the temperature of the hive is too great, they always indicate the 
fact by clustering upon the outside of the hive. ‘Then a liberal amount 
of fresh air should at once be given them, and every hive should be 
so constructed that this can easily and readily be done. Bees should 
never be allowed to establish the habit of “lying out,” as it is called, a 
habit which they rarely if ever do form in the climate of New England, 
if they are properly located and have sufficient ventilation. More Bees 
are lost or destroyed for the want of proper ventilation in winter than 
in summer. At the season of the greatest heat many of them are 
abroad in the fields during the day, and at night they need more 
warmth and less air than is usually supposed, in order that they may 
spread wax readily or build comb with rapidity. In winter the Bees 
are allat home. ‘The interior of the hive is warm, the exterior is cold- 
The consequence is that moisture is deposited (as upon our windows in 
