JUICE AND POMACE. 15 
sugar of the early varieties. The low acid content of Westfield is in 
striking* contrast with most of the other summer varieties and reveals 
a real defect in the quality of this fruit. 
The fall varieties show decided^ less variation of sugar content 
than the summer or winter sorts, and yet the average sugar content is 
about 1 per cent higher than in the early varieties. Fall Pippin and 
Maiden Blush are striking examples of well-balanced analyses as to 
reducing and cane sugar and acid content, and thus the standard 
quality of these fruits is explained. Fanny and Mother sustain their 
claim to be classed among the best varieties, and here the analysis 
points to the high content of cane sugar as the probable explanation 
of their fine quality. The acid content of the fall fruits averages low, 
as is the case with the summer varieties, but the high percentage 
shown in Plumb Cider and Smith Cider is distinct^ correlated with 
characteristic quality. 
The analyses of the winter varieties average about the same as the 
results quoted from Browne in Table IV. The composition of each 
of the 19 varieties is fairly uniform in the majority of cases, but a 
remarkable contrast is shown by the extremes, Via and Roxbury Rus- 
set. The sugar content of the latter is remarkably high, and the 
analysis so well balanced between sugars and acid that the splendid 
quality of the fruit is well explained. The cane-sugar content, 6.14 
per cent, is the highest found for the entire series analyzed. The 
physical characteristics of this fruit and its chemical composition 
doubtless explain its good keeping qualities, even when grown as far 
south as Blacksburg, Va. Grimes Golden, Smokehouse, and Winesap 
all give analyses which mean much as to their fine quality and value 
as parent stocks for future selection. The latter has the highest total 
sugar content of all of the varieties analyzed, and has a well-balanced 
sugar and acid content. Belle de Boskoop, a coarse-fleshed apple, 
which apparently has little to recommend it, compares favorably with 
these better varieties in analysis and exceeds some of them in its con- 
tent of cane sugar. This apple is apparently the one striking excep- 
tion to the relation found to exist between quality and chemical com- 
position, and its objectionable characteristics are physical rather than 
chemical. 
Attention should be called to the two analyses of pippins. For fif- 
teen } T ears the Albemarle Pipping as propagated in Albemarle County, 
and the Yellow Newtown, a as propagated in New York, have been 
grown at the Virginia station. The differences between the two and 
the points they have in common have been noted in the Virginia station 
«The name Albemarle Pippin is considered by pomologists to be a synonym of 
Yellow Newtown, which is the recognized name of the variety. The analytical and 
other data concerning the two are given separately in the tables in order to show 
their similarity. 
