1917-18.] A Further Study of Labouring Class Dietaries. 41 
children, who are small for their ages, have been very rickety, but the baby is 
free from the disease. Although hard working, the mother is not a good manager, 
and is greatly in debt. The house consists of two small but clean apartments. 
S. 84. — A labourer, his wife and six children, aged 12, 9, 7, 5, 3, and llj-| years. 
The father is intemperate. In 1915 he was in the army, and the family had an 
allowance of 27s. per week. While he was on service his wife paid over X10 of 
debt which had accumulated. In January 1917 he was sent home to labour at 
munitions, but owing to ill health his earnings have since been very irregular. He 
was off work during August and September, and the family is again in debt. The 
mother makes a little by cleaning, but the whole family looks sickly and under- 
nourished. Their condition has always been poor, but was better in 1915, when 
the father was a soldier. The income was then more regular, and the diet had the 
better but still inadequate value of 2836 Calories per man per day. 
N. 31. — A soldier’s wife, with six children, aged 14, 11, 10, 9, 6, and 2 Jr years. 
The children are all much over the average in height and weight. Both parents 
are thrifty. The father was formerly an upholsterer. 
H. 47. — Family consisting of father, mother, and six children, aged 12, 10, 8, 7, 4, 
and 1 year. The father lost a leg in the South African war, and has a pension of 
14s. per week, which, however, is used long before the quarterly payment is due. 
The father is often employed by a shoemaker, but is always the first workman to 
be discharged when work is slack. The children have rickets, are very small, and 
poorly clad and nourished. The baby was breast-fed during the study. The house 
is very small and dirty, and in a poor locality. 
M. 112. — A seaman’s wife and seven children, aged 13^, 11, 11, 8, 5 ^, 4, and 
y# years. The father is a heavy drinker, and the money he brings to his wife very 
irregular. She works as a lamplighter. Although temperate, she is very thriftless 
and careless, and, in spite of the generous diet, the children do not look healthy 
and are very rachitic. There was a good deal of food wasted by this family, but, 
as was done in each study, this was deducted from the food purchased before making 
the calculations. 
H. 38. — A soldier’s wife and seven children, of ages 13, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, and 2 years. 
Prior to enlistment the father was a carpenter. Although rather undersized, the 
children are healthy. The mother is careful and thrifty, and the house is a good one. 
M. 65. — A soldier’s wife and eight children, aged 14, 11, 10, 8, 5, 3^-, and twins 
of 2ijr years. The eldest girl is working in the post-office. When first studied they 
were living on 30s., which the father earned weekly as a car conductor, and at that 
time the children were very poorly nourished. Both parents are sober and hard 
working. This family lives in a basement house in a good locality. Further 
particulars of this family are given on page 43. 
FT. 150.— A labourer in a munitions factory, his wife and two children, aged 
3 years and 15 months. The parents are both small and slightly built. They are 
temperate in habits and the children look well nourished. The house is a single 
apartment. 
Altogether 57 persons : 3 men, 8 women, and 46 children constituted 
the families. 
Table I gives the results of the three studies. 
