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rises and concludes with the observation, that “ between the European and 
the savage of New Holland there is less psychological difference than between 
many individuals in one and the same race amongst the lower animals.” To 
explain the diversity of human groups, there is no need, he says, “ to have 
recourse to the hypothesis of the multiplicity of species ; for the multiplicity 
of races and the unity of species suffice.” 
It would be impossible to follow the author, ever so cursorily, in his dis- 
cpiisition upon the origin of varieties and races of animals, and the influence 
exercised by the “ conditions of existence ” in their formation. The numerous 
instances cpioted, of abnormal human beings possessing some characteristic 
feature, which, had it been natural, would have distinguished them as indi- 
viduals of a separate species, are deeply interesting, and will, no doubt, be 
considered so by Mr. Darwin, concerning whom the author expresses himself 
as follows : “ I regret that I am not able to dwell longer upon the work of 
Mr. Darwin, for there exist between my ideas and those of my learned and 
ingenious brother naturalist much striking similarity, and also some differ- 
ences, which it would have been useful to consider. The views of Mr. 
Darwin grapple with the very origin of things, and it appears to me difficult 
for positive science to mount to such an elevation. He seeks to explain the 
derivation of every species, and causes them to proceed from an unique type, 
modified during an incalculable series of ages, which include the geo- 
logical eras. I confine my researches to those species which live at tins 
day, and have existed only during the present epoch. But what he says of 
the formation of species, I had already stated in 1846 concerning the forma- 
tion of races, so much so, that if one word be substituted for the other, we 
shall be found to agree pretty nearly on all general points concerning this 
order of facts.”* 
It will be seen from the foregoing extract, that hi. de Quatrefages attri- 
butes the formation of varieties and races to the causes assigned by Mr. Dar- 
win for that of species ; indeed, he does not hesitate to employ many of 
Mr. Darwin’s phrases, such as, for example, “ the struggle for existence,” &c. 
One of the instances that he gives, of the degree of variation to which 
races are liable under changed external conditions, is so novel and character- 
istic, that we feel sure it will be interesting to the reader, and we therefore 
extract it in extenso. He is describing the transition from the Anglo- 
Saxon to the Indian type, as exhibited in the Anglo-Saxon-American, 
and says, that — 
“Already in the second generation these traits of the Indian type 
are visible, which cause him to approximate to the Iroquois and Cherokees. 
Later on, the glandular system is restricted within the narrowest limits 
of its normal development ; the skin becomes dry as leather, loses its 
warm tint, and the rosy colour of the cheeks, which is replaced in the 
man by a lemon yellow, and in the woman by a faded pallor. The head 
shrinks in its proportions, and becomes round or pointed, and covered with 
long, sleek, dark-colourecl hair ; the neck elongates ; there is a great develop- 
* Lest this extract should lead any of our readers to suppose that Mr. Dar- 
win has only reiterated the opinions (with modification) of M. de Quatrefages, 
we must add that our author distinctly states that notwithstanding the curious 
coincidence referred to, Mr. Darwin could not have known of his opinions, 
which were expressed in his lectures, but not published. 
