274 Proceedings of the Royal Society 
the first to detect the remains of this viaduct, in three stones, evi- 
dently the first spring of an arch, near the south-west corner of the 
Temple area. 
This seemed to place the site of the Temple at this angle of the 
platform, until Captain Wilson discovered, much farther to the 
north, near to the Jews’ wailing-place, another arch entire, but 
buried under the rubbish on which the modern houses stand. 
Continuing Captain Wilson’s researches, and sinking 50 feet 
below the present surface, Mr Warren has traced this magnificent 
viaduct by the remains of its arches right across the chasm, thus 
setting this question for ever at rest. 
Robinson’s arch appears to have been a single arch, probably for 
the purpose of supporting a gallery alongside of the Temple wall. 
The Tyropoeon, moreover, from the excavations in its upper part, 
proves to have been very different in form from anything hitherto 
supposed, viz., tolerably flat for the greater part of its width, with 
ample space for a lower city, as described by Josephus, and sud- 
denly descending close below the Temple wall to a narrow gallery 
of great depth. Here projected Robinson’s arch, the pier of which 
seems to have been reached, and two courses of huge dressed stone 
found in situ. What must have been the effect to one standing 
on the pinnacle of the Temple, which here rose to a height of 150 
feet, from a platform of solid masonry 150 feet lower down, so that 
he looked down from an elevation of 300 feet sheer into the valley 
beneath ? “ See what manner of stones and what buildings were 
here.” 
Then, again, by the repeated sinking of shafts all over the 
surface of the sloping pier, which runs down from the Temple 
platform to the fount of the Virgin, that lower hill once known as 
Ophel, and an important suburb of the city, it is established by 
actual demonstration that the south wall of the sacred enclosure 
which contained the Temple is buried for more than half its depth 
beneath an accumulation of rubbish, probably the ruins of the suc- 
cessive buildings which once crowned it, and that if bared to its 
foundation, the wall would present an unbroken front of solid 
masonry of nearly 1000 feet long and 150 feet in height. The wall 
as it stands, with less than half that height emerging from the 
ground, has always been regarded as a marvel. What must it 
