278 Proceedings of the Royal Society 
he thinks partially artificial, and connected with a similar cleft he 
examined near the Russian buildings north of the pool of G-ihon 
and close to it. 
Underneath the temple area is a vast system of caverns, one of 
which, “ the sea,” deserves the name of a beautiful subterranean 
lake, while the whole hill is pierced by wells, and honeycombed by 
rock-hewn cisterns. 
To the west of the temple is the Bath of Healing (Hummam esh 
Shefa), where there is a series of vaulted cisterns, with passages 
and deep wells, from which the water rises. 
Below Ophel is the Fountain of the Virgin, celebrated for its 
irregular and uncertain flow, and which appears to be fed from 
some outflow underneath Mount Moriah. Hence is a subterranean 
channel leading to the pool of Siloam, which has been explored, 
and another strange tunnel discovered by Lieutenant Warren, con- 
necting it with a vast tank. 
Siloah, mentioned in Scripture as by the king’s gardens, has 
again a subterranean connection with En Rogel or Bir Eyub, Joab’s 
Fountain, discovered by Lieutenant Warren, while this too appears 
to have had a yet further extension by a second hidden channel to 
the south. 500 yards below Bir Eyub, Lieutenant Warren opened 
a spring, and at a depth of 12 feet a stone suddenly rolled away, and 
revealed a staircase, about 25 feet deep, and at the bottom, passages 
leading north and south. Steps and passages are cut in the rock; 
the latter are about 6 feet high, and may have been for the purpose 
of leading off the Jerusalem waters out of the reach of an enemy 
invading the city. The passage north has been explored for 107 
feet, and is full of silt without stones. 
Then again, under the Well of the Leaf, beneath the Haram, 
are ducts discovered, plainly leading to some yet undiscovered 
cisterns. 
Again, at the upper end of the Tyropoeon valley, Lieutenant 
Warren has discovered, at the bottom of a shaft of 50 feet, a drain 
with a stream of sweet water running through it with a constant 
flow, not from the baths, nor yet from the aqueduct of Solomon’s 
Pools, but which must be from a spring at the head of the valley 
within the city. 
At the south-east of the ccenaculum he has discovered, 50 feet 
