502 Proceedings of the Royal Society 
siderably larger gorilla skulls, however, have been measured. The 
smallest healthy adult human skulls in the Museum are those of 
two Andaman Islanders. Of these, one has a cranial capacity of 
7 5 - 5 cubic inches, and the other a capacity of 72 cubic inches. 
Next to these comes a Peruvian skull ; its cranial cavity measures 
76 cubic inches. The smallest healthy adult human skull measured 
by Morton was also that of a Peruvian, whose cranial capacity mea 
sured only 58 cubic inches. 
In taking the other points of comparison of the Anthropoid Apes 
with Man, it was shown how most of the alleged differences of con- 
formation disappear on a strict examination ; and the author 
defended the views of Huxley and those anatomists who insist on 
the development of the posterior lobes of the cerebrum and their 
associated structures in the Quadrumana, as in Man. 
A question, however, still remains for determination. After eli- 
minating all the tenable points of divergence, what value are we 
justified in assigning to the characters which still remain? 
It is quite certain, as has been urged with great force by Huxley, 
after an exhaustive comparison, that in physical conformation Man 
approaches more nearly to the Gorilla and the Chimpanzee than 
these do to the lower Quadrumana. Must we, therefore, while the 
Gorilla and these lower Quadrumana are included in a common zoolo- 
gical order, unite Man with them as another member of that order ? 
He believed not. It had been already urged as an argument in 
favour of the unity and generally accepted limits of the order 
Quadrumana, that while the Gorilla graduates by intervening forms 
into the lower monkeys, there are no connecting forms yet dis- 
covered between Man and the Gorilla. He considered this argu- 
ment, so far as it goes, a valid one, but another might be derived 
from a comparison of the Lemurs, or lowest Quadrumana with 
other Mammalian orders. Such a comparison will show that man 
is more widely removed from the higher apes than the Insectivora 
are from the Lemurs, and as long as the Lemurs are retained among 
the Quadrumana there will be less tenable grounds for admitting 
man into the same zoological order with the apes than there would be 
for admitting into this order the insectivorous moles and hedgehogs. 
The relations here insisted on are rendered apparent by the 
following diagram, in which the Lemurs and the Gorilla are taken 
