503 
of Edinburgh, Session 1868-69. 
as the two extremes of the Quadrumanous series, and the close rela- 
tion of the Insectivora to the series through the Lemurs indicated by 
converging arrows, while the less intimate relation of Man to the 
same series through the Gorilla is indicated by diverging arrows. 
Insectivora » - >< ■ • € Lemurs, Monkeys, Gorilla -<—€!»-> Man. 
From these facts, the author found himself compelled to retain 
the zoological group Bimana as a legitimately constituted order 
distinct from that of the Quadrumana. 
But after all, it is not in any recognisable physical conformation, 
but in psychological phenomena, that the grand differences are to be 
sought for between man and even the most intelligent of the brutes ; 
and the author argued, that though there be some intellectual 
endowments which are undoubtedly common to man and the higher 
brutes, there are others which are exclusively man’s, which differ 
from those of the brutes not only in degree but in kind, and of 
which, after the most careful analysis, not even a rudiment can be 
detected in the intellectual phenomena of any animal below man. 
It was maintained that a resemblance between certain acts per- 
formed by brutes, and others met with in man, may occasion an 
erroneous interpretation of the former, while a rigid comparison 
would show that the resemblance was only superficial and decep- 
tive. Such, for instance, as the apparent faculty of conceiving the 
relation between cause and effect, the acts which so frequently seem 
to indicate a conception of causation in the lower animals being the 
result either of instinctive impulse or of suggestive association. 
Among the faculties which the author thus regarded as eminently 
distinguishing man, there was one which did not appear to have 
hitherto obtained the attention it deserves. He alluded to what may 
be termed imitative delineation and imitative constructiveness, or 
the faculty of imitatively expressing the forms of objects by draw- 
ing and construction. While a faculty of imitating gestures and 
sounds is possessed by many brutes, and while instinctive con- 
structiveness is almost universally found throughout the animal 
kingdom, the faculty of imitative delineation and imitative con- 
structiveness is eminently a human one ; we find it in the lowest 
and most undeveloped savage, and almost the very earliest evi- 
dence we possess of human intelligence — the intelligence of a 
3 u 
VOL. VI. 
