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Proceedings of the Royal Society 
again at Godthaab on the west coast of Greenland; thence the line 
runs to the north-west of Iceland, and probably round Spitzbergen, 
turns south again to the coast of Norway at Hammerfest, follows 
down the whole west coast of Greenland, keeping near the head of 
the numerous fiords with which its coast is intersected, whilst the 
line of 20° range falls just at their mouths; through the Cattegat 
and Eastern Denmark, leaving Copenhagen just to the east of it ; 
then following still the general direction of the west coast, though 
inland from it, runs through Brussels and Paris to the south of 
France. Here the range of the Pyrenees seems to cause a break — 
the greater elevation having a smaller range — and to isolate the 
portion of this line which passes round the Spanish peninsula. 
This separate portion of the line passes inland round the east and 
south coasts of Spain, but close to the north and west coasts. 
Taking up the main line again at Toulouse, we find it skirting the 
Mediterranean coasts of South France and Western Italy, through 
Genoa, Rome, and Naples, but leaving the east coast of Italy to 
cross the Adriatic to Dalmatia. A second small isolated part of 
this line is found in the eastern part of the island of Sicily, where 
Catania, on the east coast (on an average of sixty years’ observa- 
tions), has a range of 39°, whilst Palermo, on the north-west coast, 
has but 25°. From the Dalmatian coast the main line of 30° range 
turns to the south-east nearly through the centre of Greece and 
bends slightly north again in the iEgean to near Smyrna. A third 
isolated portion of this line is found in the south-east of the Black 
Sea, passing round Trebizond and along the coast of Caucasia. 
From the Egean we find this line running through Cyprus to 
Syria, near Beyrout and Jerusalem, then turning west through the 
isthmus of Suez, just south of Cairo, and all along the north of 
Africa, not far inland from the coast, numerous observations in 
Algeria, showing that its average distance from the sea, in that 
country, is not more than 20 miles. On approaching the west 
coast it bends first south and then east into the centre of North 
Africa. 
At 40° of range the lines begin to keep to the land masses — no 
part of the open ocean in any part of the globe having a range of 
more than 40°. In North Africa we find a large area of the Sahara 
with this range, where the north part of the line 40° reaches to 
