569 
of Edinburgh , Session 1868 - 69 . 
through Davis Strait to nearly as far north on the West Greenland 
coast at TJpernivik, then through Greenland and round the Arctic 
Ocean, between North America and Asia (Point Barrow on the 
Arctic coast of North America having a range of 55°) to the Asiatic 
coast, probably near the mouth of the Obi river, and thence along 
the coast to the north of Norway, where we first took it up. 
The line of 60° range, and those above it, are confined to the 
Asiatic and American Continents, and may be called land lines. 
Taking up the line of 60° of range in the north of European Bussia, 
we observe it making a bend to the north-west round the town of 
Krasnoiarsk (which has a range of 65°) back again eastward to the 
Ural Mountains beyond Ufa, then forming a second western pro- 
jection to as far as Kharkov, on the north of the Sea of Azov, then 
passing back round the east side of the Caspian Sea, and sending 
out a narrow tongue-like extension through Northern Persia and 
the town of Urumiah towards Asia Minor, then returning eastwards 
through Central Asia to the south of the town of Hi in Eastern 
Turkestan (62° range), through China, with a probable bend to the 
southward, rising again to near Pekin and Tientsin, through Man- 
churia, near its coasts, to Port Ayan (60°), on the Sea of Okhotsk ; 
thence this line seems to pass round the north-eastern projection 
of Asia, and to turn westward through the Arctic Ocean, but not 
far from the land, to the north of the Ural Chain, where it enters 
Kussia. 
In America, taking up the line of 60° range at Port-Clarence on 
the coast of Behring Strait, we find it passing down into the interior 
to the east of British Columbia as far as Oregon, then following 
the same curves as the line of 50° range through the centre of the 
continent, to the north of the lakes, and bending round with the 
coast in Eastern Canada and Labrador, northwards through Melville 
Peninsula and Baffin Bay to Greenland in latitude 75° north. After 
passing through Greenland it most probably bends backwards along 
its north coasts and those of the islands of the Arctic Archipelago 
to where we find proofs of its existence in the westmost of these 
islands, thence to the north coast of America, along which it passes 
south from Point Barrow to Behring Strait. 
A third area, which we find surrounded by a line of 60° range, is 
that in the north-east of Norway, in Lapland, and in the Kola 
