571 
of Edinburgh, Session 1868 - 69 . 
range 85 °, probably far into the desert of Mongolia, then north- 
eastwardly parallel with the lines of 70° and 60° range, but further 
inland to the north of Nijnie Kolymsk (85° range), and along the 
north coast westwardly to beyond the mouth of the Lena, where it 
probably re-enters the continent, and passes south-west through 
the government of Tobolsk to Tara. The observing stations on 
the chain of lakes in America which stretch north-west from Lake 
Winnipeg, have all a less range than 80° till we arrive at the most 
northerly, the Great Slave lake, whose north coast at Fort Confi- 
dence has this range ; but two belts of country, one on each side of 
this lake- region, appear to have a range of upwards of 80°. These 
two belts unite at the north of the Great Slave lake, and stretch 
out thence westwards into Alaska territory, and eastward as far as 
Victoria Land and Boothia. A solitary observation of 93° of range, 
on the Yukon river in the centre of Alaska territory, might justify 
the enclosing of a small area in that region as having a range of 
above 90°, and this is certainly the part of the American continent 
which has the greatest range. 
In Asia, the area which has a greater range than 90°, proba- 
bly extends in Siberia from the Yenisei river on the west to the 
Stanovoi range of mountains in the east, and from near the north 
coast (where at Ust Yansk we find a range of 92°) to the Yablonoi 
range in the south. The town of Chita to the south of these 
mountains has a range of 85°. A smaller area in the interior of 
this one must be surrounded by a line of 100° of range. Near the 
centre of this terrible region is Yakutsk, the point of the earth’s 
surface which has the greatest range of temperature, whose climate 
undergoes a change between the months of January and July of 
the fearful amount of 106 degrees. 
In the Southern Hemisphere of range, the line of 10° seems to 
enter North Africa on the west coast not far north of Cape Colony, and 
to extend northwards into the centre of the continent to the north 
of the equator at Gondokoro on the Nile (whose January tempera- 
ture is 11° above that of July), with a further extension towards 
the plateau of Abyssinia, since observations made by the traveller 
Bruce at Gondar give the January temperature at that place 8° 
above that of July. From this the line of 10° of range seems to 
