572 Proceedings of the Royal Society 
keep due south, through Tete on the Zambesi to where it crosses 
the east coast in Natal; thence it passes over the Indian Ocean, 
with a slight bend to the northward south of the islands of St 
Denis and Bourbon, both of which have a range of 8°, to the south 
coast of Australia at Adelaide ; from this, turning westward again, 
it runs along the south and west coasts, till, entering the latter coast 
about latitude 20° south, it crosses the north of the continent below 
the G-ulf of Carpentaria into the Pacific, passes thence between 
New Caledonia and New Zealand, across the Pacific to the coast of 
South America southward of Valparaiso (9° range) ; thence it runs 
northwardly along the west coast of the continent to near Lima in 
latitude 12° south, bends up into the interior of the country, and 
crosses it in a general south-east direction to the east coast on the 
north of Rio de Janeiro (13° range), and finally passes over the 
Atlantic south-eastwardly to Africa. 
The line of 20° range in the southern hemisphere is divided into 
three parts. The coasts of South Africa have nowhere an observed 
range of more than 16°; but in the interior an area showing slightly 
more than 20° of range extends from near the coasts of Cape 
Colony inland to perhaps 10° or 15° south latitude. Within 
Australia a line of 20° range passes from near Perth in Western 
Australia along the south coast, then close to the east coast 
(Brisbane and Newcastle showing 20° and 19° of range), and across 
the continent again westwardly near the parallel of 20° south 
latitude. The third line of 20° range enters the west coast of 
South America in about latitude 40° south, passes north near the 
coast to 25° south latitude, turns inland round the northern bound- 
aries of the Argentine Confederation and Paraguay, and then 
curves round south and south-west to Monte Video on the east 
coast ; thence it runs due south, round the Falkland Islands, 
which have a range of 16° to 18°, crosses the ocean towards 
the Cape of Good Hope, and thence east to New Zealand, passing 
through the south-eastern parts of both its islands, and from that 
over the Pacific to South America. 
A line of 30° range follows close upon that of 20° in south 
Australia, and is probably confined to the southern half of the con- 
tinent. In South America the range line of 30° passes along the 
west coast, perhaps from Cape Horn, northwards into the Argen- 
