10 
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. [Sess. 
II. — Notices of Fellows, Honorary and Ordinary, recently 
deceased. By The General Secretary. 
(Read November 6, 1916.) 
Emil Clement Jungfleisch was born in Paris in 1839. He devoted 
himself to chemistry and pharmacy, and in 1869 became Assistant to 
Berthelot, whom he succeeded in 1876. He has made numerous contribu- 
tions to organic chemistry, and for his work on the different forms of 
tartaric acid was awarded the Jecker Prize of the Academy of Sciences. 
One of his latest contributions was a study of gutta-percha, in which he 
showed that the leaves of the plant could be used as a source of the material 
instead of the stem. 
He was elected an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 
in 1913, and died on April 24, 1916. 
Elie Metchnikoff was born on May 15, 1845, at Ivanavka, in the 
Russian province of Kharkoff. He was early attracted to the study of 
nature, and after two years’ study at Kharkoff University he proceeded 
to Germany, where he worked under Leuckart, first at Giessen, then at 
Gottingen. In 1870 he was appointed Professor of Zoology and 
Comparative Anatomy at Odessa, whence after twelve years he proceeded 
to Messina. Here he began his researches on the phagocytosis of the 
blood, and in course of time established his reputation as a pathologist. 
In 1888 he joined Pasteur in Paris, where to the end of his life he continued 
his studies in bacteriology and the close connection of micro-organisms 
with disease. His view on many of those questions are given in his book, 
The Nature of Man , published in 1903, and translated into English. 
Metchnikoff received many honours — was Copley Medallist of the Royal 
Society, a Member of the Institute of France, and in 1908 he was awarded 
the Nobel Medal and Prize for his researches on Immunity. 
He was elected an Honorary Fellow of our Society in 1910, and died in 
Paris on July 15, 1916. 
Sir William Ramsay, K.C.B., F.R.S., was born in Glasgow on October 2, 
1852. He was educated at the Glasgow Academy and at the Glasgow Uni- 
versity, and subsequently at the University of Tubingen. In 1880 he was 
elected Professor of Chemistry at University College, Bristol, where he re- 
