192 Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. [Sess. 
VIII. Sections between Charlestown and Pittenweem. 
Crossing to the north of the Firth of Forth the next section that we 
describe is that seen in the neighbourhood of Charlestown, and we have 
no difficulty in correlating the different members of this section with the 
general sequence that has so far been established. Especially striking is 
the similarity between it and that seen at Corrieburn. 
The Hurlet Limestone is exposed between high and low water mark 
on the shore opposite Charlestown railway station. It occurs in a small 
faulted down patch with quaquaversal dip. Underneath it lies the Hurlet 
Alum Shale and coal, the former carrying the fish, lamellibranch, and 
brachiopod fauna of this horizon. On the shore, in front of the breakwater, 
just west of the harbour, there occur a number of loose blocks of highly 
fossiliferous shale containing a fauna which bears a very strong resem- 
blance to that found above the Blackhall Limestone of the West of Scotland, 
the blocks being crowded with Spirifer urei. Unfortunately we have 
not been able to give the exact stratigraphical position of this bed. 
The next calcareous horizon in ascending order is the thick limestone 
of the Charlestown Quarries, which is estimated to lie about 150 feet above 
the Hurlet Limestone. The rich coralline, echinoderm, polyzoan, brachiopod, 
and molluscan fauna which it contains is identical with that seen in the 
Petershill Quarries of the Bathgate Hills, and we have no hesitation in 
considering this fauna to be the eastern representative of that character- 
istic of the Main Hosie Limestone of the West of Scotland. 
The highest calcareous horizon seen in this neighbourhood is that 
exposed in the railway cutting three-quarters of a mile west of Charlestown 
railway station. It is calculated to lie some 180 feet above the Charlestown 
Limestone, and is separated from it by thick sandstones. This limestone, 
which is rich in Spirophyton cauda-galli , is on the same horizon as the 
lowest of the Carriden Limestones on the other side of the Firth, and is 
the same as the Top Marine Band of the West of Scotland. 
The next section that we describe lies between Kinghorn and Kirkcaldy, 
and is not only one of the most continuous but also one of the most 
interesting in the East of Scotland. We hope to be able to show that the 
various members represented in this section can be correlated with those 
sections that have already been described. 
The section begins with the first Abden Limestone and the strata lying 
immediately below, which outcrop on the shore about a quarter of a mile 
to the east of Kinghorn. At this point the underlying lavas begin to be 
less frequent, and we find resting upon the scoriaceous surface of a lava 
