247 
1916-17.] Experiments and Observations on Crustacea. 
however, at the proper time on the live creature. In this way the paper, 
while chiefly structural, may serve to heighten the interest of some sub- 
sequent antarctic biologist in the physiology of Glyptonotus. 
The physiological interest is not to be considered as a thing by itself. 
In the last paper of this series I attempted to show that functional con- 
siderations have an intimate bearing on structural problems. Since that 
paper was handed in for publication and when the present communication 
had been almost completed, E. S. Russell published a book (1916) dealing 
with the history of biology, the main argument of which is that one cannot 
afford to study form apart from function. In the present and more 
especially in the succeeding few papers, I will give examples of a method 
by which it seems to me possible, apart from the line taken by the school 
of “ Entwicklungsmechanik,” to attack the problem of organised structure. 
When a reasonable number of examples has been brought forward it is 
my intention to discuss the matter in its wider bearings, for there are 
sufficient indications that morphology has reached a stage when the 
formulation of new method is desirable. The issue also affects the present 
outlook of physiologists upon their particular branch of study. 
Previous Accounts. 
Glyptonotus antarcticus was first described and figured as a new genus 
and species of Crustacea by the American naturalist Eights (1833).* 
Short notices of his detailed account, which had been contributed to a 
local publication, subsequently appeared in two larger journal's — see 
bibliography — and in 1856 the original account with plates was reproduced 
with a prefatory note by Dana Dana groups the animal as an isopod 
under the family Idoteidse. 
It is only of recent years that Glyptonotus has been taken in any 
quantity. In his revision of the Idoteidae, Miers (1883) mentions that he 
had seen no specimens. Gerstaecker (1881-1895) in Bronns Tierreich 
contents himself with reproducing one of Eights’ original illustrations. 
A few specimens brought to Europe from the German station in South 
Georgia, 1882-1883, supplied Pfeffer (1887) with material for additional 
illustration and systematic description. A new species, G. acutus, obtained 
by the first French expedition under Charcot, 1903-1905, was described and 
figured by Richardson (1906); the same species was further described and 
figured by Hodgson (1910) from specimens taken in Scott’s first Antarctic 
expedition, 1901-1904. Both species were obtained in the Scotia expedition 
* For a biographical notice of Eights, see Clarke (1916). 
