248 
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. [Sess. 
under Dr Bruce, 1902-1904,* and likewise in the second French expedition 
under Charcot, 1908-1910 — see Richardson (1913). 
Biological Details. — It would appear from the localities in which the 
animals were collected, G. antarcticus from South Georgia, South Orkneys, 
South Shetlands, and G. acutus from Coats Land, Belgica Strait, McMurdo 
Sound, that the former is a more northern, the latter a more southern form. 
At the end of his account of G. antarcticus Eights remarks : “ I procured 
them from the southern shores of the New South Shetland Islands. They 
inhabit the bottom of the sea, and are only to be obtained when thrown 
far upon the shores by the immense surges that prevail when the detached 
glaciers from the land precipitate themselves into the ocean.” The German 
specimens were washed ashore in a storm — see Pfeffer (1887, 1890). The 
Frangais, the Pourquoi Pas, the Scotia , and the Discovery specimens were 
got chiefly by dredging, but also in traps ( Scot ia ) and with the “ senne ” 
(. Pourquoi Pas). 
The animals do not appear to have been much studied in the live 
condition. It cannot be said for certain whether they ever leave the 
bottom and swim freely in the water. As they were got in traps baited 
with penguin and seal meat, Dr Bruce expressed the opinion that they are 
carnivorous. According to Hodgson (1910), who accompanied the Discovery 
expedition, G. acutus is “ of a dull brown colour and of sluggish habits.” 
To Pfeffer (1887, 1890) it was reported that G. antarcticus during life is 
“lobster-red.” Dr Bruce informs me that the latter animal varies greatly 
in colour, a statement that is supported by the appearance of the spirit 
specimens. The temperature of the water from which they were taken 
was in the neighbourhood of 0 C. 
A suggestive fact is that G. acutus has been recorded from much greater 
depth than G. antarcticus. The only determinations of depth for the 
latter animal are to be found in the Scotia records, which are sufficiently 
significant. Specimens were taken with almost unfailing regularity in 
Scotia Bay at 10 to 12 fathoms (about 20 metres). In the same bay 
traps were set on a number of occasions at 50 fathoms (90 metres), but 
no G. antarcticus entered these. On the other hand, Richardson (1913) 
reports G. acutus as occurring at various depths from low water on the 
beach to 70 metres. The Scotia obtained this species off Coats Land in 
161 fathoms (300 metres). 
* G. antarcticus was taken in record quantity by the Scotia. I bad access to more than 
eighty specimens. For a photograph of G. antarcticus by Dr Bruce, see Scot. Nat. Antarct. 
Expect., vol. iv, pi. xi. 
