341 
1916-17.] The Bone-Cave in the Valley of Allt nan Uamh. 
4. The compact grey clay with small quartzite boulders, forming bed 
4, resembles to some extent the morainic material in the adjoining valley. 
No fragment of limestone from the roof or walls of the cavern was ob- 
served in this deposit. These facts suggest that the layer was due to 
morainic material, derived from the quartzite slopes of Breabag, which had 
been carried on the surface of a glacier and shot into the cave from the 
lobe of ice that passed down the valley of the Coldstream Burn. If the 
material had been derived from the high terrace of drift left in the valley 
(see fig. 5), a greater variety of stones would have been found in the clay. 
No organic remains were noted in this deposit. 
3. Bed 3 is perhaps the most interesting member of the succession. It 
consists of red clay or terra rossa — a true cave- earth — with occasional 
splinters of limestone, and, at the east end of the cave, some stalagmite. 
Its thickness is variable and its surface uneven (see fig. 6), showing that 
the falls from the roof were very irregular. The mammals obtained from 
this deposit include Northern Lynx, Reindeer, Red-deer, and Otter, as well 
as a very large number of Frog bones ; and there is just a possibility that the 
Arctic Lemming and Rat A T ole occur also in this bed, but definite evidence 
is wanting. It is worthy of note that the antlers of Reindeer represent 
very young individuals, while those of the Red-deer are very massive. 
No less interesting is the evidence pointing to the conclusion that 
during the accumulation of this bed the cave was tenanted by man. In 
various layers, fireplaces and firestones, split and burnt bones were ob- 
served but no artefacts were detected. It was noted that some of the 
Reindeer antlers had been sawn off. The Fox, Otter, and Badger, whose 
remains are associated with those of other mammals in the cave-earth, need 
not have been contemporary with the period of occupation by man, for 
these animals may have burrowed into the deposit in historic times. 
The surface of the bare portions of bed 3 was pitted with numerous 
small conical holes formed by drips from the roof of the cave. These 
yielded abundant remains of the common Frog and Toad, and the Natter-jack 
Toad. Some of the larger pits were filled with the long bones of these 
creatures, packed closely together, thus indicating a protracted period for 
their accumulation. Near the eastern wall of the cave the terra rossa and 
the limestone splinters were locally cemented by a small amount of stalag- 
mite not only at the surface but at different depths farther down. 
The cave-earth probably marks a change to wet and milder conditions 
than those which prevailed during the deposition of bed 5, composed, as 
already indicated, of limestone fragments and yielding bones of mammals 
and birds. 
