368 
Proceedings of the Poyal Society of Edinburgh. [Sess. 
chlorophyll, and the needles became kneed. The larvae were to be found 
on the larch needles from the end of May to the end of June. The four 
moults take place at intervals of seven to ten days. Most of the nymphs 
moulted, and became adult during the last week in June. The adult 
sexuparae were yellow when newly moulted, and became dark green in 
a few hours. A little “ wool ” was secreted. The adult sexuparae were 
transferred to spruce, and they settled principally on needles one to three 
years old. They laid five to ten yellow green eggs under cover of wings 
and “ wool.” 
Generation V. Sexuales. — In twelve to fifteen days from laying, the 
eggs hatched out. The sexuales larvae were very small and light yellow 
green in colour. The four moults took place at intervals of about seven 
days. The adults were found during the last week in July. Their 
colour was yellow green, and no colour difference between male and 
female was noticed. The female laid the single fertilised egg near a 
bud, under the protection of a little patch of wool. The egg was 
yellowish-green in colour. 
(2) Genus Gnaphalodes. 
The author has found the species of this genus on the following hosts 
in Scotland : — 
Primary or Picea Host : Picea excelsa, P. orientalis, P. alba, 
P. sitkensis. 
Intermediate or non- Picea Host : Larix europcea, L. leptolepis, 
L . occidentalis. 
Generation I. Fundatrix . — Fundatrices were found hatching from 
fertilised eggs during August, and from eggs laid by gallicolae during 
August, September, and October. In both cases the fundatrices were light 
brown, gradually turning to a very dark brown. At first the larvae were 
active, then they settled down on a shaded, hence weak, bud. They 
secreted long single strands of coarse “ wool,” which gave the larvae a 
plumose appearance, and hibernated. Frequently both the terminal and 
side buds were covered with larvae. The fundatrices wakened later than 
do those of Chermes s. str. This was probably due to their choice of shaded 
buds, which were not touched by the sun’s rays until a later date. Feeding 
began about the 1st April, and the first moult took place towards the end 
of the month. The second-stage larvae secreted short curly “ wool ” from 
the numerous dorsal wax glands. The two succeeding moults took place 
at intervals of about seven days, and egg-laying was general by mid-May. 
The adult female, which was dark bronze green in colour, secreted copious 
