250 Proceedings of Royal Society of Edinburgh. [sess. 
distinction was to be dependent in any degree on mental phe- 
nomena, Dr Dubois was perfectly justified in regarding it as a 
transitional form, because it was a long time after the attainment 
of the erect posture that his religious, moral, and intellectual 
faculties became human characteristics. Dr Munro believed that 
many fossil remains of man were intermediary links which 
marked different stages in the history of mankind, and the further 
back such investigations carried them the more Simian-like did the 
brain-case become. If the geological horizon of the Java man 
was correctly defined as the borderland between the Pliocene 
and Quaternary periods, they could form some idea how far back 
they had to travel to reach the common stock from which men and 
the anthropoid animals had sprung. The lower races of to-day 
were also survivals of intermediary links which had been thrown 
into the side eddies of the great stream of evolution.* 
* This paper will be published in full in the author’s work — Prehistoric 
Problems — now in the press. 
