1896-97.] Electrical Properties of Fumes from Charcoal. 319 
fumes from different flames and burnings at different distances 
from the plates passing up between them. This may be called the 
fumes-zero. When the top of the flame was within 5 or 6 centi- 
metres from the plates, the results were very irregular. The results 
in the following table for spirit flame are in accordance with what 
Maclean and Goto obtained from unguarded fumes from a spirit 
lamp 30 centimetres below the plates, as stated in their paper 
published in the Philosophical Magazine for August 1890. The 
effect is of the same kind as if the plates were connected by a drop 
of water.* 
* Kelvin, Electrostatics and Magnetism, §§ 413, 414, pp. 332, 333. 
