xxiv Proceedings of Royal Society of Edinburgh. 
amongst the Turks his name to this day is held in reverential 
remembrance in the colleges in which he was professor. In 1889, 
shortly before his death, a young Turkish gentleman being in this 
country, could not leave it without finding out and coming to see 
the liodja — the teacher — of whom he had heard so much, and who 
was always spoken of with admiring respect and affection. 
In 1856 he read a paper on the Gyroscope in relation to his sug- 
gestion of a new experiment which would demonstrate the rotation 
of the earth, and he claimed that he had clearly proved this by 
experiment in 1836, — eighteen years before Foucalt performed his 
experiment at the meetings of the British Association in Liverpool. 
In connection with this, Professor Baden Powell, in a letter to Pro- 
fessor Piazzi Smythe, says : — “ I have just received, I presume 
through you, a copy of Mr Sang’s paper on £ Rotation.’ Pray thank 
him from me if you have an opportunity. It is extremely interest- 
ing to find how completely he anticipated the idea so long ago.” 
Professor Chevallier also wrote to Smythe, saying : — “ If poor Arago 
were still alive he would, as a Frenchman, feel himself £ like a wood- 
cock caught in his own springe,’ for he always held that a paper 
communicated to a recognised public scientific society, and regularly 
entered in their Proceedings, was to all intents and purposes a 
publication to the world of an invention. Mr Sang must be 
no ordinary man to have conceived so clearly the solution of so 
difficult a question by mechanical means. I hope that his claims 
will now be made generally known.” 
In 1862 Provost Sang, one of the promoters of the Kirkcaldy 
Subscription School, died, aged 91 years. 
In 1879 the Institution of Civil Engineers, London, awarded to 
Sang the Telford Premium for his paper on “ A Search for the 
Optimum System of Wheel Teeth.” The paper contains elaborate 
and intricate calculations, undertaken with a view to discover the 
best form of wheel teeth to adopt as a standard, in order to avoid 
the lack of uniformity which had so long existed. Another im- 
portant paper was read by him to the Society of Arts in 1861 on 
££ The Determination of the Form of a Ship’s Hull by means of an 
Analytic Expression,” its object being to improve naval architecture 
and substitute a scientific method, instead of rule-of-thumb and 
guesswork, in hull construction The Society referred the paper to 
