48 
ON REMOVING DETACHED TREES. 
and lay them in a triangular form, as the figure. These pieces must be proportioned 
according to the size of the tree, and three hooked stakes must be provided for each 
corner. When the tree is placed in the hole, the roots spread out, and the earth, 
after being broken and pulverised, well shaken amongst them, the three straight 
pieces are placed in a triangular form, round the stem of the tree, on the top of the 
ball, and the triangle made large enough for a hooked stake to be driven in at each 
angle, so as not to injure the roots. The support being thus completed, the earth 
is filled in, and the tree stands perfectly fast. In some situations, it will be 
advisable to make holes for the hooked stakes with an iron bar. The stakes must 
be driven down sufficiently deep for the turf to be laid evenly over the top. If 
matters little of what kind of wood they are made : any sort will last as long as 
necessary. 
The alder, the willow, and sometimes the oak and ash, when planted in low, 
watery situations, are subject to the attacks of the larva of the Goat Moth, 
(Cossus ligniperda,) which perforates the wood to such an extent (as shown 
in the figure) that even a moderate blast 
of wind will break off a good-sized tree. 
Whether the greater quantity of water 
absorbed by the trees in wet situations 
render them more palatable ; whether the 
soft wood being more porous, and offer- 
ing less opposition to their progress be 
the cause of their infesting them ; or 
whether their attacks do not commence 
until the trees themselves have become 
diseased, is still a matter of uncertainty. 
This, however, we find to be certain, that 
often one tree in a low situation is much 
infested by the insects, whilst another 
in a similar situation appears to be perfectly free from their attacks, and grows 
free and vigorous ; and nearly all in dry situations are free from them 
