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CULTURE OF BIENNIALS. 
Biennial flowers are divided into four sorts — viz., hardy, frame, greenhouse,, 
and stove plants. Their lives generally terminate at the end of the second year.. 
even four years, if the flowers be nipped off as soon as they appear, and the plants 
be preserved from injury. The hardy species, as Erythrcea aggregata, Hedysarum 
cor on ar mm, Centrocarpha triloba , Euloca multijlora, &c., may be either sown in the 
open borders, or in some compartment set apart for the purpose. They will thrive 
yhullijlora , Hedysarum coronarium , Centrocarpha triloba, Echium violaceum, &c. 
will succeed in any common soil. The season for sowing the seed depends in some 
measure upon the time the plants ripen it. Those plants which flower early, and 
ripen their seed by August, as Eutoca multijlora , E. Frankliui, and Erythrcea 
those which do not ripen till September or October, as Hedysarum coronarium , 
Dianthus Chinensis , & c. must not be sown till the following May. Sow them 
thinly in shallow drills, and cover the seeds with soil broken fine. When two or 
three inches high, transplant them into other beds, and when grown a good size, 
take them up with balls, and place them in their final destination. Some sorts, 
grow with large tap roots, and, from the great care requisite in removing these 
without injury, it is advisable to transplant them from the seed bed into small pots, 
and afterwards to turn them out with the balls entire. 
Treatment of Frame Biennials. — Although this division of biennials 
including Ipomopsis elegans , Salpiglossis Barclayana, S. airopurpurea, Verbena 
pulchella, &c. are not so hardy as the last, they will do well in the borders during 
summer. They require to be raised on a slight hot-bed, in the same manner as 
half-hardy annuals, page 19. The soil in which they are sown must be light and 
sandy, and the best time to sow them is the beginning of April. At the end of May, 
transplant them either into the open borders or pots, and it is always well to have 
a quantity of the latter, for, should the summer prove wet, the Ipomopsis elegans, 
Salpiglossis Barclayana, and several others of delicate textures, are liable to perish. 
It is not unusual for the varieties of Salpiglossis, &c. to flower the same year they 
are sown, but they flower much finer when preserved till the following spring, by 
picking off the flower-buds as they appear. During winter, the roots will require 
protection from the frost, either by means of a flower-pot filled with litter, or by 
potting them and setting them in a pit or frame. In all other respects, their treat- 
ment resembles hardy biennials. 
Greenhouse Biennials. — These may either be sown on a hot-bed, as recom- 
mended in the last case, or be sown in pots in the same manner as tender annuals, 
page 20. Indeed their general treatment may be the same as tender annuals. 
They will require potting in a mixture of sandy loam, peat, and leaf-mould. 
Although naturally biennial, many of these plants may be perpetuated for a number 
of years, by constantly raising them from cuttings, as the Anagallis latifolia, and 
other species which root immediately when planted under a hand-glass. Others 
when allowed to flower and seed ; but most, if not all of them, will live for three, or 
best in a light sandy soil, or with a portion of peat mixed with it ; yet the Eutoca 
aggregata, should be sown as early as convenient after being gathered ; whilst 
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