140 
ON THE CULTURE OF ROSES. 
division, but will thrive mingled with other plants on the borders,, or other 
situations. 
7. The plants of this division will not bear pruning to the extent of the first, 
but they are less impatient of the knife than any of the following divisions, requiring 
to be cut-in, as explained in the rules. 
The third division consists of R. villosa, rubiginosa, moschata , alba, Damascena, 
and canina ; the roses of this division have much stronger roots than the others, j 
and strike much deeper into the earth. The place of their growth, in their wild 
state, is amongst large strong growing shrubs and trees ; they therefore require a 
much stronger and deeper soil, and a less airy situation than the two former divisions. 
They do not need nor bear so much pruning of the shoots, indeed some of these 
species are often rendered less productive of flowers for a year or two, by too much 
cutting; and the main stems of some, the R. villosa for example, will send out good 
blooming shoots for more than half a century, with only a moderate occasional prun- 
ing to keep the plant in proper form and bounds. Cultivate them as follows : — 
8. These require to be planted in deep, rich, loamy soil, if somewhat strong it 
will be all the better ; for although their roots strike deeper into the ground than 
those of any of the other divisions, yet they seldom flourish if planted in dry exposed 
situations, particularly if the soil be light and sandy. 
9. If convenient, therefore, always plant them in situations where they will be 
partially shaded by other plants, or by each other. 
The fourth division consists of R. arvensis , sempervirens, Banksia, multifiora, 
&c. These roses in their natural state trail along the ground, or support themselves 
by bushes growing near them ; they therefore do not require a very airy situation : 
their roots are strong, but not so strong as some of those of the last division, and 
therefore seem to require rather a lighter soil : they require supporting or nailing 
against a wall. 
10. Always select, if possible, for this division, a situation somewhat sheltered; 
they will thrive nailed to walls or fencing in any aspect, but prefer an east or west 
rather than south. Yet they will flower well on a south aspect after they have 
become a sufficient shelter to themselves, or are entwined amongst other plants. 
11. The plants of this division require very little or no pruning, except to keep 
the plants within due bounds, for they invariably suffer from the use of the knife. 
The fifth division consists of R. semperjlorens, and indica , &c. with their 
varieties. The sudden and rapid way in which these roses send forth their shoots 
immediately on a change from cold to heat, points them out as growing in their 
wild state, on mountains covered with snow a part of the year, and like other 
natives of such places, with rapidity taking advantage of an interval of warmth to 
grow, bloom, and ripen their seeds. 
12. The plants in this division thrive well in a mixture of sandy loam and peat. 
They are usually grown in pots, or are trained against walls. There are many 
varieties, most of which are hardy enough to endure our winters out of doors. If 
sheltered in the greenhouse, where they well deserve a place, they flower most 
of the winter. 
The usual modes of propagation are by layers, when the true sorts are intended 
