40 
PROCEEDINGS COTTESWOLD CLUB 
1915 
of tributaries and the course of the river. At the top of Fig. 6 
is seen a straight reach of river with no tributary on either 
side, the Garden Reach. These are conditions essentially the 
same as those in the Severn at the Upper Parting, two miles 
from Gloucester. Just below the latter, there are tributary 
streams on both sides and an island, the Island of Alney, 
between them. This is an essentially similar feature to the 
James and Mary shoal. A little farther down there is a 
tributary on one side only, with the channel on that side, just 
as it is at Hangman Point, below Garden Reach. The two 
great causes of trouble in that part of the Hooghly shown on 
the charts (other than the James and Mary shoal) are the 
Moyapur and the Royapur Crossings. In these cases the 
shoals extend across the river ; no through-channel is shown 
on the charts. Here tributaries are seen on both sides in each 
case, and I feel sure that these troublesome “ crossings ” are 
due to the competition as to the side on which the channel shall 
be, with the resulting absence of a good one anywhere. 
The conditions call for careful examination with the aid 
of the Admiralty chart, where numerous soundings are given. 
Opposite Achipur Point the channel is, as usual, on the convex 
side, and is manifestly kept there by three tributaries, marked 
f, g, and h. Fig. 6 ; the bank on the concave, or left side, being 
for a long distance, unbroken. The channel is continued 
downwards as far as some unnamed opening into the river 
and just a little farther, but the stream is not strong enough to 
keep all the channel on that side. Two streams, one of them 
marked i, call for a channel on the other side, up which the 
tide flows for a long distance, overlapping the ebb, or, as I 
prefer to call it, the stream channel, by f, g and h. Between 
the two is a longitudinal shoal, as shown on the chart. Fig. 6. 
This is the “ crossing ; ” it gives a depth of 14 feet at the 
upper end, 13 in the middle, and 14 at the lower end, whereas 
all down the line of the river the depth is always more, and 
generally much more, than 20, ranging up to 60 feet. The 
proper course would seem to be to adopt the stream channel 
as far as it is efflcient and then to help in the necessary transfer 
to the other side by an oblique line of low-water groyne from a 
point just below the termination of the deep channel, directed 
