VOL. XIX. (3) ORDINARY WINTER MEETINGS 
177 
well-protected City, the walls in 1643 proving a firm defence against the 
Royalist forces. The growth of the City had necessarily caused extension 
of the area occupied by the Romano-British settlement, and he discus.sed 
the probability of supplementary defences having been raised at a later 
period, suggesting that these were built along the natural lines of the water- 
courses in and around the City. 
In the discussion which followed, a cpiestion was asked as to the meaning 
of ‘ horeign Bridge ’ — formerly applied to the bridge in Westgate Street, 
near the present Priory Road, over an arm of the Severn — and the President 
explained that the term occurs in the history of many places, not in reference 
to the stranger, but representing the boundary between the burgesses of the 
two portions of the City ; those within the ancient bounds and those without. 
{L. Foyinsecus •. foreign; outside). Proceeding with the subject of Mr Cullis’s 
paper, the President spoke first of evidence collected which determined the 
precise date of the destroyed Gate-house to the old Westgate Bridge, at any 
rate, within a space of two years. It was constructed in the very last 
years of Norman architecture, just before the transition into pointed style, 
namely 1 175-7, oi" l^'te Henry II.' An example of similar (if later) gate-con- 
struction may be seen in the plan of the chateau of Pierrefonds’ though this 
has been restored in after years, and was a work on a larger scale. 
Mr Baddeley then exhibited a fine water-colour drawing of the West- 
gate Bridge, by Joseph Farington, which he had compared with five prints, 
of varying dates, in the Gloucester Public Library. The series, taken to- 
gether, present trustworthy evidence as to the i8th cent, conditions of the 
Bridge, and the necessity of the frequent repairs which were then required. 
He also exhibited a Crown Derby cider-cup, bearing a coloured representa- 
tion of the Bridge, now identified as a copy of Catton’s drawing, of 1793. 
This drawing (PI. IX.) illustrates the known fact that the Bridge-House 
was in part rebuilt temp. Henry VHI., the hood-moulding of the windows, 
and the mouldings above the gate on the western face, being distinctly of 
Tudor date. From Farington 's drawing it is plain that the main body of the 
structure was Norman. This quadrilateral Bridge-House had four little 
tourelles, one at each angle. Examples of these are well shown by 
Viollet-le-Duc .3 
The series of views of the Bridge mentioned above comprised : — 
(1) Farington ’s water-colour drawing, c. 1780-85. 
(2) Bonnor’s drawing, c. 1790. 
(3) Ravenhill’s drawing, c. 1790-95. 
(4) Catton’s drawing, dated 1793. 
(5) Carter’s drawing, dated 1796. 
(6) Lysons’s drawing, dated 1802. 
1 In consequence of that King’s Council at Gloucester regarding Wale^s : June 30, 1175. St. C.B. 
2 Mr T. S. Ellis has kindly brought to my notice illustrations of the chateau of Pierrefonds before 
and after restoration, given in Reclus’ La France ei ses Colonies (1887), vol. i., pp. 564, 565. R- A. 
3 Diciionnaire tie I’ Architecture Franfaise, iii., 157, ix., 189-195. 
