1899-1900.] Prof. Turner on Craniology of People of India. 161 
Contributions to the Craniology of the People of India. 
Part II. — The Aborigines of Chuta Nagpur, of the 
Central Provinces and the people of Orissa. By- 
Professor Sir William Turner, F.R.S. 
(Read July 2, 1900.) 
{Abstract.) 
This part of my memoir on the crania of the people of India is 
especially occupied with a description of the hill tribes in the 
Lower provinces of Bengal and the Central provinces. It is 
based on an examination of a number of crania, the majority of 
which were placed at my disposal by the authorities of the Indian 
Museum, Calcutta. Some belonged to tribes speaking dialects 
of the Kolarian group of languages ; others of the Dravidian 
group. 
The Dravidians were represented by skulls of the Gond, Or&on, 
Paharia, Kharwdr, Khand, N&gesar, Korwd and Bhuiya tribes ; 
the Kolarians by skulls of the Munda or Ho, Bhumij and Turi 
tribes. 
In addition, a few skulls of the Ahir-Go&D, Kdmar, Lohdr and 
Teli castes, and two crania ascribed to the tribe of Juangs came 
under observation. A number of skulls from Orissa, belonging to 
Uriy^- speaking people, were also described. 
The skulls of the Dravidians and Kolarians were compared with 
each other, with the object of testing their bearing on the opinion 
expressed by Mr H. H. Risley, based upon observations on, and 
measurements of, about 6000 living persons, that the differences 
between these two groups are only linguistic, and do not represent 
differences in physical type. The comparison was based on the 
study of seventeen Dravidian skulls and nineteen belonging to 
Kolarian tribes, and the conclusion was drawn that they corre- 
sponded in essential particulars. In both, the form and proportions 
of the cranium were dolichocephalic ; the anterior nares were 
platyrhine, or in the higher term of the mesorhine group ; the 
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