342 Proceedings of Royal Society of Edinburgh. [sess. 
copulation and egg-laying. They can live to the close of a second 
year, and even then need not die. 
That such statements, in view of the general impression among 
zoologists of the shortness of imaginal life (especially of a male 
that has copulated), will require for their general acceptance careful 
and undoubted proof I readily admit, and such proof I now pro- 
ceed to give in detail. 
It will be remembered how a number of notatus issued in the 
end of July and the beginning of August 1895 from pines brought 
by me from Munich. These notatus fed on material furnished to 
them till November 1895, when they stopped feeding and went 
into winter quarters a little below the surface of the soil of the 
pots. 
Towards the end of March 1896 I found on examination that 
the notatus had come out from their winter’s rest and were 
crawling on the muslin-enclosed plants. Some of these on Pine 1 
I noticed in copula on 2nd April 1896. This pine was bred in, 
and before the issue of the new brood I removed the parent beetles. 
Some of the other notatus which had wintered in 1895-96 I 
placed on Pine 2, on 17th April 1896. This was a day of bright 
sunshine, and the notatus were seen to copulate riotously. On 
17th June I removed the notatus from this pine and placed some 
of them, along with others of the old beetles from Pine 1, on a new 
pine — viz., Pine 3. I got a new brood of beetles from Pine 2 in 
August 1896. 
Pine 3 altogether received sixteen old (1895) notatus. In July, 
when examining Pine 3, I chanced to see two pairs of beetles in 
copula. These I kept out, and placed them on a small pine by 
themselves. All these beetles of Pine 3 (including the four I took 
out and isolated) were now a year old. 
During August 1896 my time was so taken up with a Summer 
Vacation Lecture Course that I had little opportunity to attend to 
Pine 3. Up to the middle of August, however, I had noticed 
living notatus on the pine (which was now in poor condition), but 
when I came to revise my pine at the end of the month, I found 
the pine dry and dead, and the notatus also dead. This was a 
disappointment to me, as I might well suspect that the death of 
the twelve months’ old imagos had been due to their lack of proper 
