54 
POPULAR SCIENCE REVIEW. 
near the Eastern Annexe, on the floor in Greece and Sweden, 
piled in a corner in France and Belgium, and only arranged 
in the Zollverein and Austria. Spain and South Africa, the 
Brazils and Portugal, and many other countries, exhibit speci- 
mens for the most part utterly unrecognizable. 
To lead and zinc ores, the remarks already made with regard 
to copper apply in a general way. The varieties exhibited 
are, however, fewer and less important. There is nothing re- 
markable suggested as to either the ores, or the treatment of 
the ores, of any of these metals, or of tin. 
Iron comes next in order. There is in the Exhibition no 
general collection of ores, and, on the whole, the modern 
sources of supply in England and Europe are somewhat im- 
perfectly indicated. Still, "with some search, and by wandering 
to some distance, a valuable series may be made out. The 
metal itself is largely and well exhibited. Progress might 
easily have been shown in this matter by a reference to the vast 
additions to the resources of ore, since 1851. Progress is 
shown in the increased magnitude of the smelting furnaces. 
Models of furnaces are exhibited the yield of which is said to 
reach, in the case of Messrs. Schneiders’ works, more than 
a hundred and twenty tons in .the twenty-four hours. For 
these large yields the rich haematites are employed. Consider- 
ing the valuable series of iron ores in the Exhibition of 1851, 
it is much to be regretted that the Museum of Economic Geo- 
logy did not take the opportunity to complete the series by a 
systematic arrangement of ores from the new sources. 
England, of course, is not alone in the exhibition of iron ; 
Belgium, Austria, Prussia, Sweden, and many other countries 
have exhibited all the varieties, and generally in a very favour- 
able state. There is much advance observable in the manufac- 
ture of the metal, and in the magnitude of the pieces that can 
be cast, forged, and turned. 
But the metals form only a part of the vast series of 
mineral products. If the precious metals deserve a court, and 
would have justified great exertion to bring together the 
various specimens for comparison, the most precious of all 
minerals, carbon, would have well filled another and a prominent 
place. Certainly, in the exhibition of minerals, carbon should 
have been placed first, if money value is regarded ; and if 
variety of condition is interesting, no substance in nature 
can compare with it. As it is, there are scarcely two important 
exhibits of coal near each other. 
Leaving the diamond to take its place among manufactured 
jewels for personal decoration, there yet remain coal and gra- 
phite among carbon minerals. The former is exhibited very 
imperfectly; the latter very perfectly, thanks to the recent 
