STARS. 
235 
Weight for weight, the Earth is more than seven times heavier 
than Mars. It would take upwards of two and a half millions 
of bodies like Mars to counterpoise the weight of the Sun. We 
thus see that Mars, with its diameter of 4,100 miles, holds a 
geometrical mean between the Moon and the Earth. The 
attraction, fall ot bodies, and length of pendulum, are about one- 
half of what those are on the Earth. Unlike the latter body, 
it has no satellite, although, if this latter were thirty miles in 
diameter, it could not pass unnoticed. 
Maedler has calculated the duration of the seasons in Mars, 
which are as follows : — 
From Spring to Summer (Spring in North, Summer in South), 191 clays. 
„ Summer to Autumn (Summer in North, Winter in South), 181 „ 
„ Autumn to Winter (Harvest in North, Spring in South), 149 ,, 
„ Winter to Spring (Winter in North, Summer in South), 147 „ 
It will thus be seen that there are 372 days of spring and 
summer in the northern, and only 296 days in the southern 
hemisphere. The winter in the north only lasts 147 days; in 
the south 181 days. The heat and light in the northern sum- 
mer is as 20 to 29 to the south. The consequence of this will 
be, that there is a long temperate summer, and a short mild 
winter ; whilst in the southern, there will be a short hot sum- 
mer, and long and severe winter. 
The sixth figure gives a ma]i of one of the hemispheres of 
Mars, as drawn by Maedler, and shows what may be done by 
means of a small telescope. The seventh and eighth figures 
represent the opposite hemispheres of the planet as drawn by 
the writer on December 10, 9h. 20m., and November 22, 
10th. p.m., 1862. The spots in the seventh figure would appear 
to be the best defined of the planet, and bear a striking re- 
semblance to those seen in 1719 by Maraldi, on August 19 
and 20, and September 25 and 26, as also to that seen by Sir 
W. Herschel on October 10, 1 783, at 6h. 55m. p.m. 
r 2 
