412 
POPULAR SCIENCE REVIEW. 
heretofore. As might be expected, there is great disparity in the number 
of teachers in the different subjects. About three-fourths are certificated 
in chemistry ; one-third in experimental physics ; while in drawing, 
geology, &c., and the branches of natural history, the proportion is much 
smaller. Many of the masters, however, conduct classes in more than one 
subject. 
Pupils in Science Classes . — Although the Science Examinations and 
Queen’s Prizes are open to middle-class candidates under certain condi- 
tions, as well as to the industrial orders, the latter greatly predominate in 
number from the nature of the scheme — state payments being made to 
teachers for the instruction of artizans only. In course of time, middle- 
class schools will no doubt provide for scientific education to a greater 
extent than exists at present. 
Guided by the returns of the last May examination, the following table 
shows approximately the social standing and relative number per cent, of 
the “ passed ” students, numbering about 1,330 : — 
Their 
Themselves. Children. Total. 
Proportion of 
schoolmasters and other j 
teachers J 
8-27 
... 0-75 
... 9-02 
99 
99 
Pupil teachers 
3-46 
— 
... 3-46 
99 
99 
Clerks, of various grades, ) 
bookkeepers, &c.... \ 
17-21 
... 6-60 
... 23-81 
99 
99 
Chemists, druggists, and"! 
5-79 
... 0-67 
... 6-46 
apprentices J 
99 
99 
Handicraftsmen 
14-36 
... 9-32 
... 23-68 
99 
99 
Mill-hands, as weavers, &c. 
3-30 
... 0-90 
... 4-20 
99 
99 
Shop-keepers 
2-33 
... 6-31 
... 8-64 
99 
99 
Mine-agents, miners 
0-90 
... 0-37 
... 1-27 
99 
99 
Superior workmen, fore- j 
men, &c J 
9-55 
... 7-36 
... 16-91 
99 
99 
Middle-class persons 
0-45 
... 2-10 
... 2-55 
65-62 
34-38 
100-00 
The most striking features in this table are, that the proportion of 
teachers is larger than might have been expected ; as in most examinations, 
clerks figure most numerously — the highest, in fact — though they are 
nearly equalled by the handicraftsmen. The higher class of workmen and 
superintendents of works are well represented, while the number of persons 
connected with mining is very small compared with the number examined 
in geology, mineralogy, and mining. The workers in mills are almost 
confined to Lancashire and Yorkshire. Middle-class pupils form but one- 
fortieth of the whole. 
It appears that 66 per cent., or nearly [two-thirds of the whole, are 
earning their own living, the remainder being at school or at home. The 
average age of the pupils is about twenty-one ; in some subjects the range 
is higher, and in others lower. The greatest number of juveniles is found 
in the chemistry and animal physiology classes ; these subjects being 
taught in some day-schools, where there are large classes, and chemistry 
being the most popular subject with boys. 
