38 
POPULAR SCIENCE REVIEW. 
In the post-glacial deposits of France it has been found in 
both caverns and fluviatile sands and gravels ; the first record of 
its discovery is that furnished by M. Gruettard from the sands 
underneath the town of Etampes. Baron Cuvier, however, with 
his usual caution, does not absolutely determine the remains to 
be those of reindeer, but to a very closely-allied animal. He 
writes with greater certainty about those from the cavern of 
Breugue, which were associated with the bones of rhinoceros 
and horse, although he does not actually make up his mind on 
the point. Subsequent discoveries have put the question beyond 
all doubt. The animal also occurs in the cavern of Ballot, near 
Chatillon, sur Seine in the Cote d’Or, and the environs of Issoire, 
in the Buy de Dome.f The extreme southern range of the 
animal in post-glacial times is the Spanish side of the Pyrenees, 
where it has recently been discovered by M. Lartet. In Belgium 
it occurs in the caverns of Liege, and in Hermany in that of 
Grailenreuth. 
Kecent discoveries in Central France have established the fact 
that towards the end of the post-glacial epoch the characteristic 
post-glacial mammalsbegan to disappear. The tichorhine and lep- 
torhine rhinoceros and the Elephas antiquus departed from the 
soil of France, and were replaced by the ibex, chamois and the ante- 
lope of the Siberian steppes {A. Saiga). The cave lion, however, 
still lingered on, and the mammoth afforded food to the hunter, 
and has been handed down to us in an engraving on one of its own 
tusks. The reindeer were so abundant at this time that the 
epoch has received the name of the Reindeer Period. It formed 
the principal food of the cave-dwellers on the banks of the 
Dordogne and the Yezere, who in habits and mode of life more 
closely resembled the Esquimaux than any other folk living on 
the face of the earth. Probably the post-glacial contineot had 
been depressed before this epoch, and England insulated from 
the mainland, as neither the man of the period nor the chamois, 
ibex, or antelope have been found in our islands. Had there not 
been some natural barrier those animals would probably have 
crossed over, for in other respects the post-glacial fauna of 
France is identical with our own. The date therefore of our 
insulation would be anterior to the immigration of those animals 
into France. But however this may be, there is not the slightest 
doubt that the Reindeer period, or the last phase of the great 
Post-glacial epoch in France, is unrepresented on this side the 
channel. 
We have now to discuss the range of the animal in Pre-historic 
times. While our estuaries were being silted up, and the alluvia 
* Oss. Foss, tom iv. 4to., 1825. 
t Gervais, Paleont. Franc. 4to., 1859. 
