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purposes for which ivory is fitted. One segment fell into the 
hands of Mr. Fitch of Norwich.* * * § Dr. Buckland also chronicles 
a similar discovery on the coast of Yorkshire, where the tusk 
was sufficiently hard to be used by the ivory turners.j In 
Scotland there are three instances on record of a similar pre- 
servation of the ivory. Two tusks were found in 1817 at 
Kilmaurs, Ayrshire, and a third at Clifton Hall, between Edin- 
burgh and Falkirk in 1820. The latter weighed twenty-five 
and three-quarter pounds, and was sold to an ivory turner in 
Edinburgh for ^2, and sawn asunder for the manufacture of 
chess-men, but the parts were rescued from that fate by falling 
into the hands of Sir K. Maitland Gribson.J 
The Mammoth is extremely rare in Scotland as compared 
with England, probably because the greater part of the former 
country was covered with glaciers at the time that the post- 
glacial mammals dwelt in Europe. In Ireland § also, owing 
probably to the same cause, its remains have been found but in 
two places, at Magherry in 1815, and in a cave at Shandon 
in 1859. Its presence at all in that island implies that, during 
the post-glacial period, Ireland formed part of the main land of 
Europe. 
The animal ranged through France, and southwards across 
the- Alps as far as Eome, where it has been identified by M. 
Lartet and Dr. Falconer || in the collection made by MM. Ponzi 
and Cesellii Its remains are found in the volcanic gravel bed 
of Ponte Molle and Monte Sacro, a fact which shows that it 
dwelt within the Papal dominions at a time when the volcanos 
of central Italy were in full play, and the site of the imperial city 
was occupied by currents of lava and masses of volcanic tufa. It 
is almost unnecessary to say, that the volcanos became extinct 
at a time far away out of the reach of history. In Spain the 
Mammoth has not yet been discovered. In Grermany it is most 
abundant. At Seilberg near Constadt % on the Necker, a group 
of thirteen tusks and some molar teeth were found in 1816, 
“heaped close upon each other, as if they had been packed 
artificially.” A similar discovery was made in the same year in 
the loam at the village of Thiede, four miles to the south of 
Brunswick. In a small heap of ten feet square there were 
eleven tusks, one eleven, and another fourteen and three-quarter 
* Owen, Brit. Foss. Mam. p. 247. 
t Reliquiae Diliivianae, p. 179. 
X Wernerian Trans, vol. iv. p. 58. 
§ Journ. Geol. Soc. Dublin, Feb. 10, 1864. 
II Lartet, Bull. Soc. G^ol. Franc. 2® ser. tom. xvi. p. 565. Falconer, 
Palaeontograpbical Memoirs,” vol. ii. p. 241. 
^ Reliquiae Diluvianae, 4to. second edition, 1824, pi. xxiv. 
