284 
POPULAR SCIENCE RE7IEW. 
to the present climatal conditions of Siberia. The difficulty of 
accounting for the presence of such vast quantities of remains 
in the arctic ocean, and especially in the Lachow Islands, off 
the mouth of the Lena,^ is also easily explained by this discovery, 
as well as the association of marine shells with the remains of 
Mammoth. The body was swept away by the swollen flood of 
the Indigirka, along with many other waifs and strays, and no 
doubt by this time is adding to the vast accumulation in 
the Arctic sea. It was seen by a mere chance, and must be 
viewed merely as an example of the method by which animal 
remains . are swept seaward. In all probability the frozen 
morass, in which it was discovered, is as full of Mammoths as 
the peat bogs of Ireland are of Irish elk, and have been the 
main source from which the Arctic rivers have obtained their 
supply of animal remains. 
But the Mammoth, in ancient days, was not confined to the 
old world. In Eschscholtz Bay,f it lies imbedded in a fluviatile 
peaty deposit, that rests on the summit of a cliff of pure blue 
ice, from thirty to sixty feet thick, along with the reindeer, 
bison, horse, and musk-sheep. Thence its remains are scattered 
through Canada, Oregon, and the Northern States, as far south 
as the Grill f of Mexico, affording abundant proof of its existence 
with the mastodon, on the margins of the swamps of Ohio and 
Kentucky. I 
Such was the range of the animal in space, in the old world, 
throughout the vast area north of the Pyrenees, the Tiber, 
Caspian Sea, and Altai mountains ; in the new, from the Arctic 
ocean down as far south as Texas. Its presence in what are 
now insulated portions of the earth’s surface, proves the magni- 
tude of the geographical changes that have taken place. 
During its lifetime, Ireland and Britain must liave formed part 
of the mainland of Europe, and a solid bridge of land must 
have connected America with Asia, by way of Behring’s Straits 
and the Aleutian Isles. On no other hypothesis can its intro- 
duction be accounted for. 
We have now to discuss the range of the animal in time. 
According to M. Lartet,§ it was living in Northern Siberia 
during an epoch corresponding to the European pliocene, 
whence it migrated, westwards and southwards, after the .emer- 
gence of the drift-covered plains of western Eussia from 
beneath the glacial sea. According to Dr. Falconer, |1 it lived 
* Wrangel’s Siberia and Polar Sea,” trans. by Major Sabine, 1840. In- 
troduction, p. E32, 133. 
t Falconer, “ Palaeontological Memoirs,” vol. ii. 
t “ Zoology of H.M.S. Herald,” pp. 1-k 
§ Comptes rendus, 1858, p. 409. 
H Palaeontological Memoirs,” vol. ii. pp. 164, 170, 198, 240, 244, 277. It 
