SCIENTIFIC SUMMAET. 
433 
either in situ in the laterite of the eastern coast^ or distributed over its 
surface ; several have been collected off the surface of older rocks, in places 
•where the laterite had been removed by denudation ; others have been 
discovered on the surface at great elevations in other parts of the country, 
where no distinct traces could be seen of the formation from which they 
had weathered out, and which had a different origin (possibly freshwater) 
from that of the marine coast laterite ; while a few have been obtained 
from unquestionably tiuviatile deposits. None have been collected from 
formations known to be either younger or older than the coast -laterite. 
The author inferred that during the latter part of the laterite-period the 
laud was raised to the extent of 500 or 600 feet ; that this elevation was 
followed by a period of quiescence, during which the laterite was extensively 
denuded j that this epoch was succeeded by a period of depression, during 
which the recent coast-alluvium was formed ; and that a subsequent eleva- 
tion brought the land into its present position. A paper by Mr. A. Leith 
Adams put the question, Jlas the Asiatic Elephant been found in a fossil 
state? An elephant’s tooth in the possession of Dr. Fischer, of St. John, 
New Brunswick, which had been found in Japan at a distance of forty 
miles from the sea-shore, between Kanagawa and Jeddo, and at the base of a 
surface coal-bed, appeared to the author referable to the Asiatic elephant ; 
and he accompanied his description of it by a drawing and plaster cast. 
In a note appended to the paper, Mr. Busk gave some further details of 
the characters exhibited by the cast, and agreed with Dr. Leith Adams 
in regarding it as probably referable ^o Elephas indicus rather than E. arrne- 
niacics, a fossil molar of which had been found in China ; but he concluded 
that it was the antepemdtimate upper left molar, and not the pemdtimate, 
as inferred by Dr. Leith Adams. Mr. W. Boyd Dawkins described 
a next) species of fossil deer from Clacton. This species (named Cereus 
Erownii by the author) is unlike any other species excepting C. dama, to 
which it is closely allied. The antlers, however, have the third tine present 
on the anterior portion, while in the fallow deer it is entirely absent. 
From the presence of Rhinoceros Mex'kii and Elephas antiquus in the Clacton 
deposit, and from the absence of Arctic species, the author regarded it as 
forming a term in the series of strata to which the Lower Brickearths of the 
Thames Valley belong, and as deposited before the immigration of Arctic 
animals into Great Britain. Finally Mr. J. W. Salter read a note on a true 
coal plant from Sinai. The fossil described was received by Sir B. I. Mur- 
chison some years ago. The author regarded it as an infallible indication of 
the presence of the true northern coal-formation, with species like those 
from the Erekli coal. The proposed name of the species is Lepidodendron 
mosaicum. 
Relation of the Norwich Crag to the Mammal Red . — At the meeting of the 
British Association, Mr. J. E. Taylor read a paper in which he urged certain 
reasons for the separation of the true Norwich crag from the mammal bed. 
The conclusions generally expressed were that the whole of the mamrnali- 
ferous bed above the chalk and beneath the crag as described by Mr. Fisher, 
was quite distinct from the true crag ; a few shells interlocated having found 
their way when the land surface was lower, so as to form the shallow bottom 
of an estuary. That the total absence of freshwater and land shells in the 
