279 
either of them alter the colour of the yellows ancl reds of their 
bodies ; the large ones may then be pinned. Long pins are an 
advantage with Ichneumons, in consequence of their long antennae, 
the smaller ones may be fastened to pieces of card or still' paper by 
a touch of gum, if without soiling the wings I should prefer it. It 
does not matter if they are on their sides, back, or breast ; I can 
damp them and set them at leisure. 
VII. 
AN APPROXIMATE LIST OF THE EXTINCT MAMMALIA 
OF NORFOLK. 
Communicated by Randall Johnson. 
Read February 2jth, 1877. 
The county of Norfolk must have presented a very different appear- 
ance from what it does now, when ages ago, mammalia, at present 
totally extinct and only known to us by the fragmentary osseous 
remains which are occasionally found in the various deposits in 
different parts of the county, roamed through forests which covered 
this portion of England. It has been my endeavour to make out 
a list of the different species which have been clearly determined, 
leaving out those about which there is any doubt or uncertainty. 
The task, however, is a very difficult one, and for several reasons. 
First and foremost, although the materials are abundant, our know- 
ledge of the mammalian species belonging to this extinct fauna, 
regarded as a whole, is still in a very unsatisfactory state; notwith- 
standing the labours of Mr. John Gunn, Dr. Falconer, Professor 
Boyd Dawkins, and others, all of whom for many years have 
carefully studied the mammalian remains of this county. 
The deposits in which these remains occur, all belong to the two 
last divisions of the Tertiary epoch, respectively called Pliocene 
and Pleistocene. The Pliocene strata arc the old land surfaces over- 
lying the chalk, and under-lying the Norwich crag, and the Norwich 
