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ice, which last advance we have no reason to believe extended 
beyond the upland districts. On the other hand, he points out 
that the polished neolithic implements, which are altogether of 
later age than the period of arctic cold, are found everywhere in 
the British Isles, from Caithness to Cornwall, and from Norfolk to 
the west coast of Ireland. 
The age of the palaeolithic remains found in caverns, together 
with the cave bear, machairodus, and other ancient forms, 
although evidently of great antiquity, as proved not only by the 
consideration that the deposition of the different beds of cave 
earth and stalagmite must have taken a very long period, but also 
by the fact that some of these deposits could only have originated 
under physical conditions widely different from those which now 
obtain, were generally regarded as of post-glacial age. 
The investigation, however, of an ossiferous cavern near Settle in 
Yorkshire, has for some time induced Mr. Tiddeman and others to 
doubt this view, which was held, not so much on account of the 
evidence which could be adduced in its favour, as on account of 
the conscientious determination of archaeologists to extend their 
ideas of man’s antiquity only in accordance with undoubted proof. 
In the Victoria cave at Settle, Mr. Tiddeman had found the 
remains of the Eleplias antiquus, the Elephas primigenius, the 
hippopotamus, two species of rhinoceros, two species of bear, etc., 
and associated with them a fibula which was believed to be human. 
The deposit containing these remains is overlain, as I myself have 
seen, at the mouth of the cave, by unstratified glacial clay. The 
influence of the deeply rooted belief that primeval man was of 
late post-glacial age, has caused geologists to doubt both that the 
fibula was human, and that the clay was in situ. I cannot express 
any opinion on the first point, but I think that the evidence for 
the second would have been thought sufficient, had it not been for 
the reason I have given. However this may be, the fact which 
Mr. Tiddeman urges, that no remains of these extinct mammalia 
are found in the valley deposits of the neighbourhood, while they 
arc present in the cavern, is in favour of the theory of their being 
older than the last period during which the valley was filled by ice. 
