MR. I'. SUTTON ON VARIETIES OF SUGAR. 
L'9 
exported Sugar. Tlie chief facts of the case are these, so far, at 
least, as Germany is concerned. 
iS'^o considerable exportation of Ileet-Sugar took place until after 
18G0 : hut in order to promote this exportation, the government 
refunded the taxes usually payable on its manufacture, and as the 
tax was levied by an a.ssessment on each hundredweight of Beet 
used, and the drawliack calculated according to the weight of Sugar 
to be exported, it happened that, gradually, and in an indirect 
manner, a premium Avas paid on exportation. The basis of calcu- 
lation Avas, that tAvelvc and a half liundredAveights of Beet 
produced one hundredweight of Sugar. iS'ow the tax on the Aveight 
of raw Beet comes to a little over nine shilling.s, and the draAvback 
Avas fixed at nine .shillings per hundredAveight of Sugar : but the 
Sugar-makers soon found that by improving the cultivation of the 
root, and by improved methods of manufacture, they could get a 
larger yiehl of Sugar from a given Aveight of Beet ; and the result 
for the last ten years has been such, that instead of twelve and a 
half ImndredAAcights producing one hundredweight of Sugar, they 
can get that (quantity from rather less than eleven hundredAveight®, 
and this draAvback practically amounts to about a shilling a hundred- 
Aveight on all the Sugar sent out of the countiy. Xo Avonder then 
that the production of r>eet-Sugar is very largely on the increase ; 
and to show hoAV great this increase lias been, at the present time 
there arc over half a million acres of land under Beet cultivation 
in German}' alone ; that in 1872 tAvo and a (juartcr millions of tons 
of Beet-roots Averc consumed, producing one hundred and eighty -six 
thousand tons of Sugar; Avhile in 1882 there Avere nearly nine 
millions of tons of roots consumed, yielding eight hundred and 
thirty-five thousand tons of Sugar; and during the ten years’ iuterA'al 
the importation of all kinds of Sugar into Germany fell from fifty 
thousand tons to six thousand tons, and the exportation rose from 
fourteen thousand tons to the enormous quantity of four hundred 
and seA’enty-tAvo thousand tons. ^Meantime the quantity used for 
home consumption increased from twelve to eighteen pounds per 
head of the population. These figures apply to Germany alone, and 
beside these, there is a vast and increasing production in Bussia, 
Austria, Hungary, France, and Belgium. 
There are signs at the present time, hoAvever, that a period of 
over-production has arrived. The German government have noAv 
