CAl’T. MARKIIAM’h VOYAGE TO HUDSON’S BAY. 
353 
[In drawing up this short paper chiefly embodying extracts from 
Captain Markham’s Journal, I have omitted any reference to 
his notes made during his journey from York Factory to Winnipeg ; 
because, travelling rapidly in canoes with the Indians, it was 
impossible for him to secure, or always to satisfactorily identify 
the species met with ; moreover, it would be at the best a mere 
fragmentary addition to our accpiaintanco with the Fauna Boreali 
Americana. I have introduced into the list the species obtained 
by Captain ISIarkham at Fort Churchill and York Factory, and of 
which ho gave me specimens, more to indicate the continental 
character of the Fauna of the western coast of Hudson’s Bay, in 
comparison with the truly Arctic Fauna of Hudson’s Stiviits. At 
York Factory wo find the Yellow-winged Woodpecker and the 
American Bobin breeding : at the Savage and Higges Islands, at 
the eastern entrance of Hudson’s Bay, we meet with a Fauna and 
Flora almost identical with that of Crinncll Hmd, twelve hundred 
miles nearer to the North Bole, whilst wo must remember 
that Hudson’s Strait lies in the same parallels of latitude as the 
Shetland and Fmroo Islands, with their temperate climate. The 
striking diiferencc in temperature between these places, situated in 
the same latitudes, is entirely due to the present distribution 
of land surfaces and the set of the Arctic currents. I will not 
dilate further on thus topic, which is one that I have on previous 
occasions submitted to this Society, but refer to the facts as being 
of great interest in connection with the causes which in a late 
geological period induced similar glacial conditions with an Arctic 
Fauna and Flora in Great Britain. Our thanks are due to 
Captain Markham for having placed this interesting Journal and 
Collections at our disposal. During all his voyages, and in the 
midst of professional duties. Captain !Markham has invariably 
intex’osted himself in the cause of science, and his diligence in 
collecting objects of natural history, and care in recording observa- 
tions, is equalled by his readiness to impart the information thus 
obtained to others. — II. W. F.] 
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