SCIENTIFIC SUMMARY. 
217 
comprehensive table, and, as the result of this inquiry, Professor Gruner 
arrives at the following conclusions : (1) that phosphorus when present in 
steel in the proportion of from 0 002 to 0-003 renders it rigid and elastic ; 
increases its elastic tension and resistance to fracture, without altering its 
hardness ; hut that such steel, even if it contains but little carbon, wants 
“ body,” and is brittle, without being at the same time hard ; (2) in order to 
show this want of “ body,” the tests of simple traction and transverse pressure 
are not sufficient ; it requires testing by blows or shocks. (3) That soft Bes- 
semer steel, produced from hematite, at Barrow, possesses less tenacity and 
elasticity, and is more brittle than the soft, or extra soft, Sheffield crucible 
steels; and (4) that steels containing phosphorus are deficient in “ body,” 
and that it is at present premature either to consider the Heaton process as 
a great improvement in steelmaking, or that the steel prepared by this process 
can be favourably compared with the usual Sheffield product. — Quarterly 
Report of the Iron and Steel Industries , 1871. 
A Novel Rolling Mill. — In the Report above quoted from we find the 
following interesting account. The new mill is considered a novelty, the in- 
vention of M. Roy, being the universal rolling mill erected by him at the Savona 
Works. These rolls are figured and described in the September number of 
“ II Politecnico,” “Laminatojo a cilindri universali per la produzione dei 
ferri rettangolari ” in which machine, by means of a movable cylinder, or 
ring, sliding over smooth rolls, and held in position by a large' screw collar, 
working on a thread cut on the rolls themselves, the groove in which rect- 
angular iron is rolled may be increased or diminished in size, so that the 
same pair of rolls may serve for rolling various dimensions of iron, without 
having any grooves whatever cut in them. It would require the assistance 
of an illustration to explain exactly how this arrangement is constructed, 
notwithstanding that it is of an extremely simple nature, and well adapted 
for small rolling mills; although, for large establishments, it would most 
probably be better to adhere to the usual system of having the separate 
grooves cut in the rollers themselves. A short description of this system, 
with an accompanying plate, will also be found, in French, given by M. 
Lemut, in the “Revue universelle de Mines et de la Metallurgie,” 1870, 
p. 250. 
A New Locality for Menegliinite. — In Poggendorff s “ Annalen ” (No. 11, 
1870), Herr A. Frenzel describes a locality in Germany where the mineral 
alluded to has been found by him. The mineral, on being examined, was 
found to possess a sp. gr. of 6-367. The chief constituents of this substance 
are lead, antimony, and sulphur ; in 100 parts — Lead, 63*89 ; antimony, 
18-82 ; sulphur, 17*29. 
The Rare Mineral Gahnite. — Mr. G. J. Brush describes this mineral from 
specimens in Mine Hill Franklin Furnace, New Jersey, U.S.A. He (in the 
“American Journal of Science and Arts,” January 1871) describes the 
mineralogical characters of this mineral found in a zinc mine. The mineral 
is crystalline ; colour, blackish-green ; hardness, 7 5 ; sp. gr., 4*89 to 4*91 ; 
infusible before blowpipe ; with fluxes, reacts for iron and manganese, and 
with soda on charcoal gives a zinc coating. The composition of this mineral 
in 100 parts, is — alumina, 49-78 ; ferric oxide, 8-58 ; zinc oxide, 39-62 ; 
manganous oxide, 1*13 ; magnesia, 0*13 ; silica, 0'57. This variety of gahnite 
