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POPULAR SCIENCE REVIEW. 
Mygale Moschata. The musk-shrew. 
Talpa Buropcea. The mole. 
Cervus Capreolus. The roe. 
C. Elaphus. The stag. 
Bos primigenus. The urus. 
Hippopotamus major. 
Equus fossilis. The horse. 
Elephas antiquus. The narrow-toothed elephant. 
Arvicola amphibia. The water-rat. 
Castor fiber. The heaver. 
It is worthy of note that all the members of this fauna now 
alive are to be found in temperate regions, and there is every 
reason to believe that the extinct members also rejoiced in a 
temperate or comparatively warm climate. On the whole, we 
may predicate a southern range of the TJrsus Arvernensis , just 
as in the case of two at least of the other British species we can 
predicate a northern origin. It defines with as much sharpness 
as can be hoped for in palaeontology the pleiocene horizon of 
any strata in which it occurs, and particularly the stage imme- 
diately before the refrigeration of Central Europe had brought 
in the Arctic mammalia, and forced down southwards the 
pleiocene fauna of Britain, France, and Grermany. 
We must now pass on to the consideration of the cave-bear, 
TJrsus spelceus , the remains of which were among the first to 
be assigned to their true owners by the naturalists of the 
eighteenth century. The use of bones in medicine,* in the 
* At the present day the Chinese are in the habit of using fossil-bones in 
medicine ; and within the last few years the bone-caves of Borneo have 
been ransacked for the same purposes as the caves of the Hartz in the seven- 
teenth and eighteenth centuries. To such a degree has this been carried, 
that up to the present time no European has been able to transmit home a 
collection of fossil mammalia from Borneo, because of the high price which 
the Chinese demand. The specimens described by Professor Owen from 
China, in the u Quarterly Geological Journal ” for 1870, were bought by 
Mr. Swinhoe from Chinese who had collected them for physic. In the 
Chinese u Materia Medica ” they are described under the head of dragons’ 
teeth. Even human remains were commonly used in Britain in medicine 
during the seventeenth century. In the days of Sir Thomas Browne, 
“ celestial mummice,” or pulverised mummies, was commonly imported into 
Britain from Egypt j and it appears that even the tumuli round Abury were 
not safe from the incursions of eminent doctors. 
In 1670 Dr. Bobert Toope, a physician, then resident at Marlborough, in 
a letter to John Aubrey, gives a curious relation of the discovery, by 
labourers, of skeletons at this place (Abury), which, he says, had the name 
of Millfield. Dr. Toope terms the double circle a 11 temple,” and describes 
it as “ a large spherical foundation, whose diameter is forty yards; within 
